Hospitality Analysis of Park Royal Hotel †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Hospitality Analysis of Park Royal Hotel. Answer: Presentation Contemporary business associations start different creative techniques so as to pull in more clients towards their administrations or items. This is because of the explanation that, the current business situation is more serious than it was 10 years prior. Additionally, with the ongoing blast in the accommodation and administration areas, techniques to upgrade the consumer loyalty are all the more being executed by the specialist co-ops (Chen 2014). One of the most serious assistance areas is the inn business. In the Australian situation, enormous quantities of players are working in the inn business taking into account various arrangements of clients across various value portions. Notwithstanding, there are different feelings being given by various creators and researchers with respect to the plausible methodology of the cordiality business. Then again, with the adjustment in the business situation, the center idea of the cordiality business is additionally changing alongside the adjustment in the impression of the clients (Kandampully, Zhang and Bilgihan 2015). The fundamental guideline being kept up by the contemporary players in the friendliness business is the provision of the choice client care so as to draw in new clients and hold the current ones. This report will talk about the commencement of the HOME idea by the hoteliers in the ongoing time alongside finding the approaches to start it. Besides, this report will suggested different ways for the Park Royal lodging, Australia in using the home idea in their business activity. Organization profile Park regal lodgings are one of the main hoteliers in the Asian and Australian locales with having 15 inns in various areas. They are additionally known for their powerful and positive client benefits alongside giving all encompassing encounters to their guests (Parkroyalhotels.com 2018). Be that as it may, in the ongoing time, the ubiquity of the home idea in the inn business is urging them to discover approaches to actualize in their own business. Be that as it may, usage of the home idea will require assurance of various methodologies alongside distinguishing various components of the lodging industry. Besides, it is likewise critical to recognize the alternate points of view of the neighborliness so as to discover ways for home idea. Home idea As examined before, business associations in the current assistance industry is confronting the danger of expanded rivalry in the market. Along these lines, it is significant for them to start systems to upgrade the consumer loyalty (Prudhomme and Raymond 2013). On account of the lodging business, the more clients will feel the vive of their home, the more will be their fulfillment for the specific inn brand. Beforehand, the methodology of the inn business is to give the settlement to their guests. Be that as it may, in the current business situation, clients are expecting home like administrations and feels during the lodging remain. In understanding to that, significant hoteliers started the idea of the home. With this methodology, the essential thought of them isn't just to give convenience yet in addition giving included offices in upgrading the incentive for their guests (Durna, Dedeoglu and Balikcioglu 2015). Themarketing and administration is being structured in such manner that, the clients will have the home like emotions during their inn remain. In the current business situation, one of the significant segments of the inn guests is the working experts who need to go in better places. Hence, they feel progressively great on the off chance that they are being given simple feeing during their lodging remain. In this way, in understanding to this market pattern and necessity, significant hoteliers planned their administration contributions to make the simple emotions. Social methodology of the inn ventures As indicated by a portion of the creators, inn ventures can be considered as social methodology because of the explanation that, lodging industry is by and large straightforwardly identified with the cordiality. As per these creators, the essential goal of the lodging businesses is to give settlement to the voyagers, which can be named as social reason. In addition, the additional offices being given by the lodgings in upgrading the client experience of the guests can likewise be named as social methodology (Benavides-Velasco, Quintana-Garcia and Marchante-Lara 2014). Notwithstanding, this idea of social methodology of the inn ventures is likewise being countered by different pundits. As indicated by the different pundits, nature of the friendliness is being resolved the costs being charged. Significant hoteliers charge great whole of cash from the guests and subsequently, their administrations can't be considered as social (Niewiadomski 2014). As per the pundits, the key target of the lodging organizations is to win and amplify benefits as opposed to simply giving convenience to the guests. Efficient methodology of the inn business Creators backing the idea that lodging industry is really focusing on the augmentation of the benefits as opposed to simply doing social help are having the supposition that, so as to remain ahead in the opposition, it is significant for the contemporary hoteliers to start the additional administrations for their clients. In this way, the more unattractive condition can be given and offered by the hoteliers to their guests, the more will be the pace of fulfillment of them, which will thus expand the maintenance proportion of the clients (Abbott, Mary and Meyer 2016). In this way, it is significant for the hoteliers to have both the social and financial contemplations in starting the advertising procedure. This is the key explanation for the commencement of the home idea. Commencement of the home idea will assist them with enhancing the social methodology by giving included administrations, alongside meeting the financial standard with augmenting the benefit. Components of home idea There are different ways being accessible for the Park Royal to start the home idea. The accompanying segments will examine about the different accessible components. Food The current age of the worldwide voyagers is assorted in nature and is having a place from various social foundations. In this way, in understanding to their distinction in the social foundations the food propensity for them is likewise unique in nature (Giritlioglu, Jones and Avcikurt 2014). Offering of various cooking styles and indulgences to the clients assists with taking into account distinctive social fragments. This will likewise prompt the way that, clients from various social foundations will have their ethnic food accessible. This will improve their home inclination. Administration Customization or personalization is one of the key methodologies being executed by the contemporary specialist organizations in offering administrations as indicated by the prerequisite of the individual client. With the inception of the personalization, the client assistance is being given by their way of life and social foundation (Amin et al. 2013). For example, if Japanese guests are being invited in the bona fide Japanese way with keeping up the Japanese culture in giving the client support, at that point the sentiments of them will be progressively positive (Torres and Kline 2013). They will feel like they are in their home. Along these lines, the client assistance should be caused adaptable enough so as to adjust as per various societies. Settlement As talked about before, one of the key destinations of the inn business is to give settlement to their guests. In this manner, the degree of the unattractive inclination for the guests is relying upon the mood, courtesies and the structure of the room (Kim and Perdue 2013). It is significant for the inns to the structure the rooms, which will meet all the fundamental measures of the guests. Assurance of the essential offices than the guests anticipate from their inn stay ought to be met by the hoteliers (Masiero, Heo and Pan 2015). The more successful will be the satisfaction of the essential offices for the guests, the more will be the plain inclination for them. Engaging exercises It is one of the prime obligations of the lodging business to draw in their guests to however much as could reasonably be expected during their inn remain (Wei, Miao and Huang 2013). The more comprehensive will be the diversion for the guests, the less they will feel alone during the inn remain. The drew in guests will have unattractive sentiments and will less get exhausted. Giving diversion to the guests likewise assists with guaranteeing the availability between the guests and the inns. Insides and climate Greater part of the administrations businesses is blossoming with the inside structure and mood. Insignificant highlights, for example, the shade of the divider are likewise having impact on the view of the guests. In this manner, hoteliers should plan their insides so that, it will make plain air for the guests (Radovic 2015). In the Australian market, there are different better quality inns, which are being seen more as corporate workplaces as opposed to lodging. This will diminish the degree of fulfillment of the clients. The enrichment in the entryway and other open regions in the lodging make the plain condition for the guests. Suggested steps Along these lines, from the above conversation, different components of home idea are being examined. Nonetheless, the methodology of the execution of these components will be diverse in various inns. The accompanying segments will talk about the prescribed strides to be trailed by the Park Royal in agreement to the social and financial viewpoint of their business activity. One of the key prescribed strides to be actualized is the corresponding administrations. Be that as it may, the integral administrations ought not be all inclusive for all the guests rather it ought to be given by the social foundation of them. The correlative administrations ought to be given in understanding to the essential offices expected by the various clients. For example, clients from

Substance Abuse and Treatment for Adolescents free essay sample

Writing for the WEB is Different!

Writing for the WEB is Different! Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Writing for the WEB is Different!Updated On 16/05/2014Author : JenniferTopic : BloggingShort URL : http://hbb.me/1n2X1Rm CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWriting for the web involves a lot of technical writing and very less creative writing. Now that the truth is said. Let us go into the details of what web writing is all about.Print Media Vs. Web mediaWriting is writing, everywhere. No matter what the mode is. Now some writes argue that you write quality content and the rest is assured. But is it really quality content that gets your website to the top? Is it quality content that ranks the keyword high and creates revenue?Yes, Google grades websites on the basis of quality content, but the grading is not based only on quality content.In a print media, the writer has a hard copy and the emphasis is more on the content and not on the Information. The information is assi milated along with the content.It is like Pizza, cheese is dominant and prominent, but we do intake vegetables and bread.In a web media, the emphasis is on information. Because, for the audience to read the content, it should appear in the first page of any search engines list.Think about it strategically. No one goes to the 10th page in a search engines list.A web medias content should be like a sandwich. Its easy to find, available at all times and you do not need to be a cooking expert to make it.Google and QualityGoogle is very keen on quality, nowadays. I guess we can name the two time-periods as BP (before Panda) and AP (after Panda). Before panda, even content farms that had quality, plagiarized content were ranking good or content farms that had un-plagiarized, trash-worthy content ranked good.READWhat Is Blogging Types Of Blogs [DETAILS]Why Panda? Suddenly….Lets face it, when you are the only master, you don’t bother much. When you tend to have competition, you strive to perform well.So the answer to the above-mentioned question is completion.There were other search engines that were blooming inside the internet. Still, Google was the major player. But it needed a major USP (unique selling point). Google had a necessarily to give the surfers a guarantee that what they get in the search is similar to what they had in mind.Google needed a filter to rank the sites. Hence, Panda. (A cute name for a deadly crawler. I know, it is like naming The Terminator, Pinky.)Therefore, when writing for Web aka websites, write with your brains more and less with your mind. Google respects brainy writing, and you will eventually see the results in your websites.And for the creatives out there, who want to write informative and creative content. Creativity will be ignored only by Googles algorithm, not the reader who would visit your site again and again to read your content.This article is written by Jennifer Louis. She is from USA, and writer who loves to write ar ticles and blogs on career, cover letters, jobs, sample resumes.

How to Use the French Preposition Pour (For)

The French preposition pour  (pronounced poor) is one of the most common in the French language and one of the first that new students learn. The word usually means for, but it has a few other possible meanings as well.  Pour can be followed by a noun, pronoun, or infinitive, and as youll see, it can be used to express causation, intent, and motivation, among other relationships. This word also appears in a number of colloquialisms. Purpose / Intention   Jai achetà © un cadeau pour toi.   I bought you a gift.  Il la fait pour nous aider.   He did it (in order) to help us. Duration of future event In this case, pour functions as a  temporal preposition.   Je vais y habiter pour un an.   Im going to live there for a year.  Il parlera pour une heure.   He will speak for an hour. In favor of   Il est pour la peine de la mort.   He is in favor of the death penalty.  Jai votà © pour Macron.   I voted for Macron. Direction   Il est parti pour Ottawa.   He left for Ottawa.  Voici le train pour Rouen.   Heres the train to Rouen. Point of view   Pour nous, cest une bonne idà ©e.   For us, its a good idea.  Il est tout pour moi.   He is everything to me. Cause / Reason   Jai à ©tà © puni pour avoir volà ©.   I was punished for stealing.  Ce magasin est fermà © pour rà ©parations.   This store is closed for repairs. In place of / In exchange for   Il doit signer pour moi.   He has to sign for me.  Tu me dois 4 euros pour le cafà ©.   You owe me 4 euros for the coffee. Comparison / Relationship   Un pour cent   One per hundred (one percent)  Il fait chaud pour lautomne.   Its hot for the fall. Description   Je suis assez fatiguà © pour dormir par terre.   Im tired enough to sleep on the floor.  Il est trop avare pour nous aider.   Hes too stingy to help us. Expressions Sa bonne constitution y est pour quelque chose.   His strong constitution had something to do with  ou  played a part in it.Elle est pour beaucoup dans le succà ¨s de la pià ¨ce.   The success of the play is to a large  extent due to her. /  She has had a great deal to do with the success of the play.Ne me remerciez pas, je ny suis pour rien.   Dont thank me; I didnt have anything to do with it.Cest fait pour. Thats what its (there) for.à ªtre pour  Ã‚  to be in favourJe suis pour quon sy mette tout de suite.  Ã‚  Im in favour of getting down to it immediately.pour de bon for good, reallypour ce faire for that purpose, to that endavoir pour but aimpour ainsi dire as it werepour lessential mainly, basically An acceptable antonym would be  contre  (against).  Pour que  is an offshoot, a conjunction meaning, so that or in order to.

The Themes and Literary Styles of Edgar Allen Poe - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1416 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Edgar Allan Poe Essay Did you like this example? Edgar Allan Poe was born January 19th, 1809, in Boston, Massachusetts, the child of two actors. He was then adopted by the Allan family after his father abandoned him and his mother passed away. Living in Virginia, he attended the University of Virginia for only one year, due to lack of money, and was recruited into the army by his father. His time at the army was short lived, and he soon returned home. Soon after he married his thirteen year old cousin, and by the time he was 40 died, although the cause of death is unknown. Poe is well known for his different style of literary criticism, as well as the gothic genre in which he wrote. He commonly used literary styles and techniques such as personification, symbolism, and imagery, to portray different aspects of life in his storys. His work in specific go into depth on how death and love has affected the human, by personifying objects to spread a message. This allowed him to become one of the most influential and popular authors of his time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Themes and Literary Styles of Edgar Allen Poe" essay for you Create order Poes constant theme of death was one of the main things that made home stand out from other authors at the time, as most authors werent accustomed to that style of writing. He drew his inspiration for many of his works, such as the Raven, from real life experiences. As he grew up many family members, his mother, father and wife, passed away so he had a lot of material to work with. Death was an interesting theme for an author to use at this time because it differed from the norm that most writers were used to, and helped deviate Poe from the average writer. This also brought the gothic literature genre into the spotlight of English literature, allowing Poe to become vastly successful. A common literary style that Poe perfected, and helped portray his theme of death in the story was personification. In one such novel, the Raven, he personifies the Raven, having it constantly say Nevermore, causing the main character to begin to feel traumatized. This is having to do with the main characters love dying. This is a very impactful piece of literature because is gives perspective on how traumatic losing a loved one can be, and how destructive it can be in the mind. This is shown when the narrator begins to go insane as the Raven constantly says nevermore. The personification of the Raven gives the Raven a more main character role, rather than a side character, as it has a major impact on the story, had it not been for the personification. Personification becomes a key aspect in many of his stories, as it allows him to create a more immense image, with a more complete style. The many sufferings that Poe had to deal with growing up, greatly affected him as a poet. The death of his mother caused him to experience death at a young age, with the feeling always sticking with him. He was so compelling was a wild genius who drew his inspiration either directly from the supernatural or directly from a bottle of rum (Green 275). Through the death of his wife, he was able to gain inspirations for many stories. One of which, The Raven, is known as one of the greatest poems of all time, and is still popular today. The abandonment of his father allowed him to tap into his inner loneliness and solitude when writing his poem, and helped him develop a new theme that was not commonly used among authors. The way Poe used Death, with the pain and intensity of its internal reality, is unmatched by any author. His short stories express the dread of human life, the nervousness of life and fear of death, and create the ultimate spectacle of death. He manifests memories in a way that seems like there will soon be happiness, Yet it permeates the poems perhaps even more than the tales for there is nothing grotesque or fantastic about them (Zayed 280). Through his stories, Poe show the readers that death is everywhere, as well as how it is unavoidable. When using death in his poetry rather than his stories, he makes death less aggressive, without the hero dealing with a tragic struggle. The Raven had many literary styles in it that helped make it so impactful. A minor one that is less important than personification was the repetition. Poe used repetition to help convey the Raven, and allow it to become a character. By having the Raven constantly repeat the word Nevermore he gave the Raven an identity, that had a major impact on the narrator of the story. Repetition also informed the author that this was an important part of the story, and caused focus to what was being repeated, as it clearly was necessary to the story. The symbol of the mistress in the Raven was very prominent, and was a key part of the story. She represented the love and happiness of the character. This also shows how since she died, he has not experienced these common pleasures. The death of his mistress has inspired him vastly, allowing him to show how much death can impact a characters life. It also shows that through his experience with death, he has become less and less of who he was before, causing him to turn too alcohol. Although this is a bad thing, this self deprivation allowed him to write stories with that same feeling, a difficult task for the average poet. Poes Gothic tales often consist of characters who wage internal conflicts. They do this by creating imaginary alter egos or they will assume alternate personalities, that differ from their norm. In William Wilson, the split personality takes the form of the narrators imagined double, as he tracks the narrator throughout Europe. The narrators sense of an articulate identity, is threatened by this rival, as it is shown that the character is unable to escape from his own superfluous characteristics. The narrator used the alternate personality to deviate from his own insanity. His inner upheaval is projected onto his alter ego, which allows him to forget that the trouble originates within him. The ultimate parallel and irrefutable comparability to the narrator, causes this alter ego to become a permanent rival of the self. Often times in his stories, Poe allows the concept of memory to bring the dead back to life. Similar to the common literary theme of this era, Poe contorted it by bringing the dead literally back to life, something not usually seen in stories. He uses this memory as the trigger to reawaken the dead, which is the central theme of these stories, with the dead most often being women. By combining the reawakening of the dead with loss of a loved one, he creates a generally unique story, that is difficult for many writers to create. Poe most notably used this theme in his story Ligeia. Ligeia is one of Poes less known stories, even though it is the perfect example of what he wrote about, and the themes that he used. Ligeia tells the story of an unnamed narrator, who cannot recount how he met his wife. A key characteristic of his wife is that he says her hair is as black as a Raven. Ravens, as most people know, are a common symbol for Poe, that he uses in many works, most notably The Raven. His wife eventually dies, and he remarries to another woman. She eventually dies as well, but he keeps her corpse. This is significant because her corpse comes back to life, and dies again, and later that night when it comes back to life, it is his first wife Ligeia, rather than the second wife. The motive of this story is that the husband cannot stop thinking about his first wife, Ligeia, even after her death and his remarriage. When his second wife Rowena begins to die, these reprised memories come back to life and take a physical form. These memories eventually become so intense that he sees Ligeia in the bedroom that he shares with his new wife, showing how he never forgot about her. Although most people who read Ligeia believe that Poe was emphasizing his own psychological conflicts, others examine the tale as a consciously contrived story of the supernatural with, possibly, allegorical overtones (Shi 134). Poes darker theme of love, was mostly in part of his constant image of death.

The Buddha And How Buddhism Changed America And The Impact...

The American Buddhist â€Å"Happiness does not depend on what you have or who you are, it solely relies on what you think†, The Buddha. Buddhism is a message of deep enlightenment for the spiritual mind set of breaking the chain of reincarnation to achieve nirvana. Buddhism was founded by a man named Siddhartha Gautama who lived five hundred years ago. He spawned a spiritual enlightenment for the mind which we call Buddhism and eventually it came to the United States. Buddha, spreading his teachings of the four noble truths throughout Asia and many parts of the world that would someday enlighten the minds of the American culture and help lead people to a higher state of enlightenment. Over many hundreds of years Buddhism has transformed into many sects throughout history and is becoming one of the many fastest growing religion in America. (Pew, 31-33). In this paper it will discuss the influence of the Buddha and how Buddhism came to America and the impact it had upon its arrival. How the American culture westernized Buddhism in their own way and how it looks today. It will also cover the difference of ethnic Buddhism and convert Buddhism in America. More specifically the objective of this paper is to explain descriptively and analytically and go over the historical time line ofShow MoreRelatedIslamic and Christianity Essay13431 Words   |  54 Pageslamps lighted roads for as far as ten miles; yet seven hundred years later there was still not a single public lamp in London! Some Spanish Moslems had homes with marble balconies and courts with lovely waterfalls. Bedrooms were vaulted with stained glass and speckled with gold. And metal pipes carried water into marble baths. Nearly every mosque had a public school in which the children of the poor were taught. M any Moslem libraries were excellent; the catalogue of one caliph’s library filled fortyRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagescolonial rule and, having heard Marcus Garvey speak of the importance of Africa to black people in the New World, found in his remarkable success as a leader of thousands in the United States quite an amazing thing. Those who would presage the arrival of Rastafarianism also witnessed and read about the dramatic struggle of Emperor Haile Selassie to remove the Italians from his homeland of Ethiopia, which became the ï ¬ rst African nation to effectively oust, by force, a colonial power. These were

Waste Disposa in Bauleni Compound free essay sample

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 2. Acknowledgements 3. Dedication 4. Introduction and Background 5. Location 6. Problem Statement 7. Aims and Objectives 8. Methodology 9. Primary and Secondary Data 10. Limitations ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DEDICATION INTRODUCTION â€Å"Since the beginning of time people have needed to find a way of disposing of their trash† (Bassis Luke). Proper garbage disposal is important to ensure everyones safety from possible health hazards. The improper waste disposal of garbage is a major sociological problem today due to its capability of contaminating the area in which we live and it’s potential to be lethal to all living things. Its effects increase the risk of adverse health effects in humans and animals, causes damage to eco-systems and accelerate the destruction of our environment. The more waste we generate, the more we have to dispose of. Bauleni houses many people and businesses hence many foreign people come to the area and leave lot of litter. So to say, the residents are the ones that are responsible for cleaning the area. It is true that they do clean the area but the litter or garbage that is collected is not thrown away properly. BACKGROUND In 1998, Bauleni was declared an improvement Area. resume writing service geelong Bauleni was a traditional village, which then transformed into an informal urban settlement. Bauleni was originally settled by farm workers after the owner of the farm left Mr. Bauleni, an ex farm worker, was unofficially in charge of the settlement. Then with the increase in population, the activities changed from agricultural to service based. Land for subsistence became scare. Alternative means of earning a living had to be found. The village was transformed to an informal settlement. After Mr. Bauleni’s death, the local party (UNIP) branch officials took over the management. In 1990, HUZA, the Local Authority and the residents started upgrading the Bauleni area. HUZA became involved only after it became apparent that the government did not have sufficient resources and that its low cost housing initiatives would not resolve the housing problem. Within the upgrading the infrastructure and services provided include: storm drains, markets, clean water supply, improved sanitation, and education and health facilities. LOCATION PROBLEM STATEMENT The improvement in the standard of living of Bauleni residents has come with a stream of both negative and positive effects on the people and their environment. This project focuses on the negative effect. Mainly that of improper garbage disposal and its impact on the environment and lives of the people. The improper waste disposal of the members of Bauleni compound causes threat to the health of their families and to the environment. The residents are not well aware of the effects that they may face in the future if they will not learn how to become responsible on their own trash, may be it from their own homes or from outside their house. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES AIMS Find out the causes, effects and opinions of the improper garbage disposal and the initiative taken by both the government and residents. OBJECTIVES i. Investigate methods of disposal. ii. Investigate what hazards the improper methods of disposal have brought about. iii. Find out opinions of Bauleni residents. iv. Find out their proposals on solving the situation. v. Find out what has been done so far on the matter vi. Find out government involvement. METHODOLOGY The collection of data was done in two parts. Namely primary and secondary data. Primary data is the information which was obtained in the field. Secondary data on the other hand was that obtained from texts in books and a series of internet sites. PRIMARY DATA This was collected in the following ways . FIELD TRIP; I went to Bauleni on an individual trip to acquire the necessary first hand information on the garbage disposal. i. INTERVIEWS; I devised a questionnaire. The questionnaire covered the aims and objectives of the project. A total of 20 random individuals were interviewed. ii. OBSERVATIONS;I moved from the market place to the places of residence and o bserved the ways of the people in the two different environments. I observed the HUMAN INDUCED HAZARDS. iii. PHOTOGRAPHS; I also took a series of photographs. SECONDARY DATA The information written by other people was gathered and compiled. LIMITATIONS Whilst in the field I encountered a number of hindrances. These include the following i. Communication was limited as most of the folk did not speak English. As I could not speak the language I had to ask a friend to translate for me. ii. Food was another setback. The places selling food were in a rather unsanitary state. There was stagnant water and swarms of flies. I preferred not to risk eating there and so went hungry. iii. There were no ablution facilities as well. After a certain point I was in a very bad state of discomfort. LITREATURE REVIEW CAUSES OF IMPROPER DISPOSAL There is no one cause, but some contributing causes are: 1. Ignorance. Example: People throw mercury batteries in a fireplace and mercury fumes are given off. Mercury is toxic and may cause serious birth defects. many electronics stores will take back old batteries to be recycled. The normal alkaline battery is safe in the garbage. 2. Laziness. Example: People pour used motor oil down the storm sewer which drains into the local river. It should be taken to a service station that has oil recycling. 3. Greed. Example: Instead of paying to have an old roof taken to a landfill, a farmer burns the shingles at night causing air pollution.

Footsteps Historical Tours

Can My Indie Book Be Discovered

Can My Indie Book Be Discovered You have an indie book out there, but youd love to call yourself a traditionally-published author. What does it take for an agent or press to WANT to sign your book.or sign with you? Remember, theres the book, and then theres you. Some authors bring attention to themselves. Some books take off and garner attention all THE BOOK A CATCH 22 Whether or not the agent/publisher wants your indie book is often decided agent/publisher has to determine if it has saturated the market or not. It may have already peaked and reached the readers its targeted for, and the agent/publisher may see theres nothing left in it for them. On the flip side, it may not have done well, which is interpreted as the book isnt made well, isnt written well, or isnt about a good topic. So why would they want it? Theres a small sweet spot in there to make an indie book palatable to the traditional market. There has to be enough spark left in it for the agent to capitalize upon. THE AUTHOR ANOTHER CATCH 22 If your book does well, often the agent/publisher may take a deeper look at the author. How does he market himself? What impact did the author have in the success of the book? What kind of website/blog? How Google-able is he? That type of author can pitch a second book and have great odds of being accepted. But the question is . . . why would he if hes successful as an indie author where the royalties are SO much greater? We have actually reached the point in publishing that you can make as much or more as an indie author as you can as a traditional author. Youll still have to market yourself hard VERY hard. You get no relief traditionally in that department. Your books will be more readily available in libraries and bookstores (though IngramSpark is closing that gap), but in reality, you can often get your books placed in bookstores But if that credibility factor still keeps you awake at night, and you just want that traditional accolade checked off your bucket list, pitch traditional to start with. Be very, very patient at the time it takes to work that system. Or if you arent that patient, work hard as an indie author, knowing that you can pitch subsequent books  later to the traditional world, and your success will often depend  upon the success of your first book youre selling on your own.   Chip MacGregor of MacGregor Literary Agency talks about what it takes for an agent to pick up your indie book. Its honest and very informative. Regardless of the road you take, realize that the professional credibility you seek is completely in your hands. Study the successful in the business, indie or traditional or hybrid of the two, and see what you can do to find success in your world. macgregorliterary.com/blog/ask-agent-transition-self-published-traditionally-published/

Effective Application of Financial Concepts Essay

Effective Application of Financial Concepts - Essay Example Firstly, Project Alpha has the shortest payback period. This implies that it will take the project a shorter period of time to repay its initial investment out of the net cash inflow (Kinney & Raiborn, 2009: 555). The rest of the amount will be profit. Secondly, it has a higher ARR of 29.4% compared to merely 1.6% of the Beta project, making the investment more attractive. The Alpha project is, therefore, more profitable than the Beta project. Finally, Project Alpha has a higher NPV than project Beta. Project Alpha has more cash inflows than project Beta. Payback period is the time that a project takes to recover its expenditure or the amount of time required for a project to repay its initial investment amount out of its cash inflows (Atrill & McLaney, 2011, p.364). PP provides a measure of liquidity founded on the projects expected cash flows (Weingartner 1969: 594). When using payback period, companies normally base their decisions on a maximum time limit that is predefined for projects. A project with the shortest projected time is chosen (Atrill & McLaney, 2011). This method is more realistic because it uses cash flows and not accounting profit. It is simple to calculate and is more useful in situations where there is the rapid change in technology as well as improving investment conditions. Finally, the method favours quick returns by maximising liquidity, minimising risks and helping company growth. The greatest flaw of PP is that it fails to take into consideration the returns after the payback period. It ignores cash flow timings as well as overall project profitability. The method is subjective because it fails to give definite investment signal. Even though payback period gives high emphasis on liquidity, it ignores profitability. It also ignores cash flow after the payback period making it less effective in gauging a project. When using ARR, companies normally base their decisions on a predefined minimum target ARR for projects.  Ã‚  

Why the auteurist theory has become so important to film analysis Essay

Why the auteurist theory has become so important to film analysis - Essay Example The paper throws light on the theory of auteurism as a one of the most useful approaches to writing about films. Simply put, the auteurist theory in cinema is based on the idea that there should be identified a single creator of the film, with his own visionary approach – just as we identify an author for any work of art or literature. While within the auteurist theory film critics attempt to identify the film’s author, the theory also aims at to study the whole body of work produced by one specific author, like, for example, studies devoted to Alfred Hitchcock. While critics of the second half of the 20th century recognized the theory very useful due its librating effect – it allowed applying their initially naive suggestions about the role of authorship in a particular movie, it has acquired a more post-structural shape of late. To illustrate, within the latter the auterurist theory allows examining the work of a certain director not as the expression of his ge nius, but as the site where a biography encounters a historical moment, an institutional context, and, lastly, an intertext. The usefulness of this theory is also determined by its practicality since it requires focusing on just one person. One of the major arguments against the auteurist theory is that it is believed that movies have nothing in common with any other form of arts, e.g. paintings. Rather they are viewed as results of collaborative efforts by a number of artists. It is argued that one person cannot be credited with so much influence and importance that he/she is recognized the sole author of a movie. Another argument is that it is virtually impossible to identify a sole author since critics are not a part of films’ development and assess the movie’s auteur by a mere guess. Plus, the criticism of the auteurist theory deals with its suggested impact on boosting some director’s egos and reducing the role of input by other members of the crew. Therefo re, the criticism may be rely too much on a personality of a director ignoring the contribution of other people. For example, in a marketing campaign of the Psycho film (1960), directed by Alfred Hitchock, it was mentioned that that was the film by Hitchcock, which was intended to make people see the movie, although the most famous scene in the film, the shower scene, has been recognized the result of creative collaborative work with Saul Bass. The Jaws is cited as a good example of the misunderstanding rooted in the auteurist approach. While the plot was conceived by Peter Benchley, an author of the related novel and a co-author of the screenplay (along with Carl Gottlieb), the film was shot by Bill Butler, edited by Verna Fidelis, and filled with compositions by Joh Williams, attributing the authorship of The Jaws to one single director seems unfair and not objective. Of course, â€Å"Steven Spielberg’s film† sounds goof for a marketing campaign, since it advertises the film by the use of the famous name, yet it is hard to disagree with Goldman who asks, â€Å"How in the world is Steven Spielberg the â€Å"author† of that? † (Goldman, 1983, p.101). 8. After watching three of the ten movie clips listed in the Multimedia section, below, describe how they fit into a specific genre (or subgenre). What elements of the film are characteristic of that genre? How does it fulfill the expectations of that genre? How does it play against these expectations? I have watched two movie clips from

Martins Luther King Jr. Strugle for Racial Segregation and Civil Rights Essay Example for Free

Martins Luther King Jr. Strugle for Racial Segregation and Civil Rights Essay Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most important figures within the fields of politics and non-violent activism of the 20th century. King was born on 15th of January 1929 in the city of Atlanta within the boundaries of the state of Georgia. Originally Martin Luther King Jr. as named after his father as Michael King, although his father who was also named after Michael King after visiting the Nazi Germany in order to attend the Fifth Baptist World Alliance Congress in Berlin he found himself been inspired by a German reformer called Martin Luther, so he decided to change both his name and his son’s name into Martin Luther King and Martin Luther King Jr. respectively. King was the middle child of the family having a younger brother Alfred Daniel Williams King and an older sister Willie Christine King. As a reference to his education he attended Booker T. Washington High school, also it is stated that he was a precocious student as he skipped two grades the ninth and the twelfth and entered Morehouse College at the early age of fifteen. He graduated College in 1948 and enrolled in Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester which he graduated with a B. Div. degree in 1951. Meanwhile in 1953 he married Correta Scott and eventually became a father of four children Yolanda King, Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King, and Bernice King. Thereupon he became a pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery in 1954; he began his doctoral degree course in Systematic Theology at Boston University and graduated receiving his Ph. D. degree in 1955 with a dissertation on A Comparison of the Conceptions of God in the Thinking of Paul Tillich and Henry Nelson Wieman. Although an academic observation which was held in 1991 concluded that parts of his dissertation were plagiarized but the committee decided that his degree shouldn’t be revoked. As a remark Martin Luther King Jr. was strongly influenced by religion (as it was natural, as been a Christian Minister since 1947) more specifically he was influenced by Jesus Christ and the Christian Gospels from which he frequently used quotes in his public speeches, he was also inspired from Mahatma Gandhi’s non-violent activist action. In April of 1959 he made a desired for him as it was stated trip to India with the assistance of the American Friends Service Committee, it has to be mentioned that the trip affected King in a profound way and helped him deepen his knowledge and understanding in non-violent resistance and his commitment to the America’s struggle for civil rights, as he stated the last day of his trip to India in a local radio, King said: â€Å"Since being in India, I am more convinced than ever before that the method of non-violent resistance is the most potent weapon available to oppressed people in their struggle for justice and human dignity. The â€Å"Fight† Against Segregation It all started back in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, Claudette Colvin an African- American girl which in fact was under aged unmarried pregnant girl refused to give up her seat to a white man. At that point King was a member of the Birmingham African-American community and also a member of the committee which looked into the case but it was decided that they should wait for a better case to pursue. Their patience yielded. On December 1, 1955 an other African-American girl called Rosa Sparks also refused to give up her seat, back on that date the buses rows were â€Å"separated†, white people should seat on the front rows and the African-American people should seat on the back rows of the busses seats, as natural at some point the two â€Å"different† categories of passengers would meet. At that point the bus’s seats were all occupied and according to Jim Crow laws the following African-American passengers that would board on the bus were required to stand. It was exactly what they were waiting for, and soon after Rosa was arrested the Montgomery Bus Boycott broke out, it lasted 385 days. The whole Boycott issue turned out as a huge victory, although during the campaign a bombing attack was made against King’s house and he was also arrested. As a result the United States District Court in Browder v. Gayle case ended the racial segregation in all Montgomery public busses. After the Montgomery Bus Boycott King’s contribution to the result transformed him into a national figure and he was also off the record declared the best-known spokesman of the civil-rights movement. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Soon after the Montgomery lowdown King, Ralph Abernathy, and other civil rights activists founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The group was created in order to saddle the moral authority and organizing power of black churches to conduct non-violent protests in the service of civil rights reform, King led the SCLC until his death. In 1962 SCLC joins Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in the Albany Movement which was stated to be the first major non-violent campaign of SCLC. The Albany movement was a desegregation movement which was formed by local activist organizations, the SNCC and the National Association for the Advanced of Colored People (NAACP). The movement’s leader was William G. Anderson. During the period of King’s involvement with the Albany movement he was arrested twice, once in a mass arrest on 15th December of 1961 and in July of 1962. Although it has to be mentioned that King had been criticized by SNCC, they’ve even given him a snide nickname â€Å"De Lawd†, because as they claimed he maintained a safe distance from challenges that had to deal with Jim Crow laws. Birmingham Campaign Soon after the incidents in Albany the Birmingham campaign came to light. Birmingham campaign was a movement organized by SCLC and led by Martin Luther King Jr. and others. In the spring of 1963 the operation of the Birmingham campaign was at its peak, including widely publicized controversies between black young people and white civic authorities and eventually led the municipal government to change the citys discrimination laws. A fact that can’t remain unnoticed as during the early 60s Birmingham was one of the most racially divided cities in the United States. Ultimately Birmingham movement was defined as a model of direct action protest, as it effectively shut down the city through a boycott and a series of sit-ins and marches, and drew the world’s attention to racial segregation in the South. Also it is stated that it paved the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Great March on Washington After the Birmingham campaign the SCLC called for massive protests in Washington DC to push for new civil rights legislation that would outlaw segregation nation-wide which turned to be an unparalleled success. The Great march on Washington claimed the title of one of the largest political rallies for human rights in the United State’s history, as the estimated number of participants varies from 200,000 to 300,000 and still remained non-violent, the 80% of the participants were estimated to be black and the rest were white and other non-black minorities. Also the city was swarmed by more than 2,000 buses, 21 special trains, 10 chartered aircrafts and uncountable personal vehicles. But the march was stigmatized by the King’s famous â€Å"I have a dream† speech. King began his speech with the emancipation of the slaves, issued by Abraham Lincoln and concludes that even though blacks were freed from slavery they still aren’t free. Then he raised the matter of the unkept promise of America to the Civil Rights Union for the continued pursuit of justice as racial segregation still existed. Finally he promotes black people to keep on fighting for their rights in non-violent ways as he believed that violence would lead to a cycle of fighting, unnecessary death and cruelty. The Poor People’s Campaign and the opposition to the Vietnam War In 1965 Martin Luther King Jr. egan to express his doubts about the Vietnam War in public. On 4th April 1967 he delivered a speech at the New York City Riverside Church titled â€Å"Beyond Vietnam: A time to break silence. † In which he expressed his objection to the role of the United States in the Vietnam War, mentioning that United States was in Vietnam â€Å"to occupy it as an American colony† and called the US government â€Å"the greatest purveyor of violence in the world today. † He also connected the Vietnam War with economic injustice based on the fact that the US government was spending more and more on the military and less and less on anti-poverty programs. He summed up this aspect by saying:† A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death. Almost a year later in 1968 King organized the â€Å"Poor Peoples Campaign† in order to raise the matter of economic injustice; King crossed the whole country in order to assemble a multiracial army of poor people in order to march on Washington DC and engage in a non-violent civil disobedience at the Capitol until Congress created an economic bill of rights for poor Americans. The campaign culminated in a march on Washington, D. C. , demanding economic aid to the poorest communities of the United States. The reconnaissance King was awarded at least fifty honorary degrees from colleges and universities. On October 14, 1964, King became the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, which was awarded to him for leading non-violent resistance to racial prejudice in the U. S. In 1965, he was awarded the American Liberties Medallion by the American Jewish Committee for his exceptional advancement of the principles of human liberty. In his acceptance remarks, King said, Freedom is one thing. You have it all or you are not free. In 1957, he was awarded the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP. Two years later, he won the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for his book Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. In 1966, the Planned Parenthood Federation of America awarded King the Margaret Sanger Award for his courageous resistance to bigotry and his lifelong dedication to the advancement of social justice and human dignity. Also in 1966, King was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was posthumously awarded a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for his Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam in 1971. In 1977, the Presidential Medal of Freedom was posthumously awarded to King by President Jimmy Carter, who stated: Martin Luther King, Jr. , was the conscience of his generation. He gazed upon the great wall of segregation and saw that the power of love could bring it down. From the pain and exhaustion of his fight to fulfill the promises of our founding fathers for our humblest citizens, he wrung his eloquent statement of his dream for America. He made our nation stronger because he made it better. His dream sustains us yet. More than 730 cities in the United States have streets named after King. King County, Washington rededicated its name in his honor in 1986, and changed its logo to an image of his face in 2007. The city government center in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, is named in honor of King. King is remembered as a martyr by the Episcopal Church in the United States of America (feast day April 4) and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (feast day January 15).

The Essential Role of Servants in the Victorian Family :: Jane Eyre

The Essential Role of Servants in the Victorian Family    I desired liberty; for liberty I gasped; for liberty I uttered a prayer; it seemed scattered on the wind then faintly blowing. I abandoned it and framed a humbler supplication; for change, stimulus: that petition too seemed swept off into vague space; "Then" I cried, half desperate, "Grant me at least a new servitude." ( Bronte 93; ch. 10) Jane was not approaching any new territory when she wanted a new servitude. In fact 12.8 percent of the female population in England and Wales were engaged in domestic service in the nineteenth century (Horn 24). In nineteenth-century England, for any household with social pretensions at least one domestic servant was essential. The guide to the social status of a well-off Victorian family was the status of the domestics employed (Horn 18). Well-to-do families employed as large a staff as they could afford, while middle-class families held to the minimum of one (Horn 18). There were many types of servants, among them the housekeeper, and the nurse (Horn 49). On the female side of the domestics there were numerous servants. Since this essay is not concerned with male domestics, only a list of female domestics is provided. Female domestics would include the housekeeper, the cook, lady’s maid, nurse, housemaids, kitchenmaids, scullery-maids and laundry staff (Horn 49). The housekeeper was responsible for hiring and dismissing the female staff. The housekeeper was expected to be a "steady middle-aged woman . . . morally exemplary and assiduous to the harmony, comfort, and economy of the family" (Horn 54). Most often a housekeeper would stay with the same family for several years, forming a close bond with the family (Horn 57). If the family came into financial trouble a loyal housekeeper might stay behind as a general servant, while the rest of the staff would be dismissed. Housekeepers that worked for kin were either unmarried daughters of any age or widows (Hill 119). Middle and upper class families with children also kept a nurse maid. She would be a young girl under the age of twenty. The nursemaid was responsible for dressing and undressing the children, playing with them, and taking them out of a walk (Horn 66). The nursemaid was often spent more time with the children then their own mother. She acted as a mother figure, performing most if not all of the duties that belong to the mother.

Social Support and Physical Activity Corroborating

Running head: HEALTHY AGING IN THE ELDERLY 1 Social Support and Physical Activity Corroborating Healthy Aging and Quality of Life in the Elderly Karen Cauthen Counseling 502-B21 Liberty University Abstract Can morbidity be deterred in the elderly or is disease and illness a fact of life for the aged? Does social support and physical activity play a part in preventing secondary aging processes? This paper will modestly explore and discuss the effects of social interactions and routine activity of the elderly upon healthy aging and quality of life. Successful healthy ageing is impacted by a healthy lifestyle and is positively related to a reduced mortality risk and a delay in health deterioration† (Merrill, Myklebust, Myklebust, Reynolds, & Duthie, 2008). It is not the absence of disease or disability that qualifies healthy aging, but response to the aging process that defines quality of life (Gilbert, Hagerty, & Taggert, 2012). According to Erik Erikson it is the eighth stage of development: integrity vs. espair (Erikson, Erikson, & Kivnick, 1986); the point in life where the reality of death becomes imminent and a review of life determines meaning (Elhman & Ligon, 2012). Social participation and an active lifestyle are good at any age but for the elderly it is the cover over the deep dark hole of despair and loneliness. Keywords: integrity, despair, activity, social, healthy aging, aging process, support Social Support and Physical Activity Corroborating Healthy Aging and Quality of Life in the ElderlyAs we grow older our bodies change, our thoughts are more reflective, and our friendships more selective. Growing old is not a cookie cutter process. For each individual it is different. Some stay very busy, while others quit. They gradually halt participation in day-to-day events, or they take up yoga, run a marathon even go back to school. Successful aging is determined more by mental attitude than physical ability; how past life is perceived and future li fe accomplished.It is how change is managed that determines healthy aging and quality of life in the aged. Growing old is a process gerontologist divide in two categories, â€Å"primary aging† and â€Å"secondary aging† (Berger, 2011). Primary aging is defined as the universal changes occurring with age that are not caused by diseases or environmental influences. Secondary aging is defined as changes involving interactions of primary aging processes with environmental influences and disease processes (Masoro & Austad, 2006).According to Berger (Berger, 2011) there are three stages of old: â€Å"young-old,† â€Å"healthy, active, financially secure and independent;† â€Å"old-old,† although still independent suffer from â€Å"reductions in physical or mental ability or social support;† and last, â€Å"oldest-old,† â€Å"infirm, at risk for illness and injury. † Not preferring to use the word old, some gerontologist describe four stages of aging as: â€Å"optimal aging,† â€Å"usual aging,† â€Å"impaired or pathological aging,† and the fourth, â€Å"successful aging,† (Rowe & Kahn, 1998) â€Å"signifying extensive social interaction and activity† (Berger, 2011).The elderly tend to measure functional capacity by â€Å"their ability to carry out, independently, their routine activities, also called the activities of daily living† (Brito & Pavarini, 2012). After years of independent living, dependency on someone to carry out normal everyday functions can be emotionally and socially debilitating, even more so than the illnesses that made them dependent. â€Å"Loss, in instrumental activities of daily living contributes to greater estrangement from one’s social surroundings and consequently to a tendency to be isolated in one’s residence† (Brito & Pavarini, 2012).Erik Erikson provided an in-depth philosophy in his final eighth stage of development: integrity vs. despair. This is a time in which the elderly desire to unite their vast experiences with their ideas of humanity (Erikson, et al, 1986). While despair stands for a complete loss of hope, integrity does not only mean honesty, but also â€Å"a feeling of being whole, not scattered, comfortable with oneself† (Berger, 2011). Yet it is in Erikson’s seventh stage, generativity vs. tagnation, we find that â€Å"in older adults, generativity may be the single most important factor in achieving ego integrity (James & Zarrett, 2006) and positively impacts well-being (Yuen, Huang, Burik, & Smith, 2008)† (Elhman & Ligon, 2012). Therefore, as Erikson (Erikson & Erikson, 1997) put it, â€Å"indeed, old people can and need to maintain a grand-generative function† (p. 63), and that â€Å"vital involvement†¦is necessary for staying really alive (p. 63)† (Elhman & Ligon, 2012). TheoriesPeople are multi-dimensional, multi-faceted creatures. To lump us all under one roof would be a crime. Numerous theories, through research and study, try to describe human behavior but no one such study is sufficient. There are four main theories concerning the activities and social life of the elderly. Each theory holds truth but not the whole truth. The first, activity theory, views â€Å"older people as psychologically unchanged† holding â€Å"social and physical obstacles responsible for declining rates of social interaction† (Carstensen L.L. , 1992). Activity theorists blame age-related health and social burdens for cause of change in social participation and activities (Carstensen L. L. , 1992). The second, disengagement theory, suggest â€Å"that old age instigates a mutual withdrawal between society and aging people† (Carstensen L. L. , 1992). Elaine Cumming and William Earl Henry (Cumming & Henry, 1961) suggest that in preparation for death withdrawal is manifested in a distancing in social relationships.As death creeps ever closer what is important and what is not is more relevant. What we do, where we do it, and whom we do it with are choices that continue the idea of independence. A third theory proposed by Dr. Laura Carstensen (Carstensen L. L. , 1992), socioemotional selective theory, counters the assumption by the other two theories, that these changes in social activity are strictly late-life phenomena, with the proposition that these changes actually start earlier in life. Reduced rates of interaction in late life are viewed as the result of lifelong selection processes by which people strategically and adaptively cultivate their social networks to maximize social and emotional gains and minimize social and emotional risks† (Carstensen L. L. , 1992). Because so much is derived from social interaction; information, assistance, self-identity, selection of a mate, knowledge of culture and history, discriminate and careful examination of social partners is a must (Carstensen L. L. , 1992).The fourth, gerotranscendence theory, was developed by Lars Tornstam to address a â€Å"perpetual mismatch between present theories in social gerontology and existing empirical data† (Tornstam, 2010). Gerotranscendence claims successful aging results from frequent contemplative thought, a decrease in materialism, and transcendence of primary aging processes (Adams & Sanders, 2010). In support of this theory a Change in Activities and Interest Index (CAII) was created to â€Å"examine empirically the perceived changes that occur in the lives of older adults† (Adams & Sanders, 2010).The CAII is a 30-item questioner optimized to examine â€Å"self-perceived change in investment in and attitudes about social and leisure pastimes among older adults† (Adams & Sanders, 2010). As a result of the research by Drs. Kathryn Adams and Sara Sanders (Adams & Sanders, 2010) using the CAII, providers of health care to the elderly can better design ways to elevate direct engagement in valuable, desired activities and social relations as they advance within the aging process. As stated earlier, all four theories hold truth, but none the whole truth.Each theory describes certain individuals but leaves out others. Because we are an ever changing species and constantly growing population more studies are needed in understanding the causes of healthy aging and defining quality of life. Gender Studies have shown that in later life numerous physical benefits, as well as, psychological benefits are a result of participation in social activity, â€Å"such as the promotion of happiness (Menec, 2003), reduction of the risk of depression (Hong, Hasche, & Bowland, 2009), reduction of the decline of motor function (Buchman, et al. 2009), and even reductions in mortality (Lennartsson & Silverstein, 2001)† (Li, Lin, & Chen, 2011). â€Å"Research to date indicates that participation in social activity exerts positive and psychological health effects among th e elderly and that the pattern of activity participation differs by gender† (Li, et al, 2011). Numerous studies and literature report general differences in the social activities of men and women, but only one study â€Å"considered gender issues and social activity among the elderly (Arber, Perren, & Davidson, 2002).When exploring the outcomes of healthy aging and quality of life in regards to social support and physical activity, gender cannot be overlooked. Changes take place throughout the lifespan and gender affects social and cultural relations to these changes. In the expansion of associations and community contacts the distinct social settings that men and women live in lead to dissimilar behaviors (Barer, 1994; Carstensen L. L. , 1991). Dr. Kate Bennett (Bennett K. M. 1998) did an 8-year longitudinal study on physical activity in the elderly. The results showed that women were more likely to occupy themselves with indoor activities (e. g. , housework) and men with ou tdoor activities (e. g. , walking or cycling) (Bennett K. M. , 1998). Involvement in activities, whether readily available or not, is also gender specific. Elderly women are more likely to attend or be involved with religious services and activities than elderly men (Arber, et al, 2002).For men, staying in touch with what is going on through formal and informal associations or engaging in social activities such as volunteer work helps them maintain self-identity within their society (Arber, et al, 2002). Cultural context also plays a part in the construct of gender roles. In most societies, Western and non-Western, the male role is that of bread winner and the female role is that of homemaker (Li, et al, 2011). Western society mindset has changed over the years to the point where these roles are often reversed or completely annihilated.In Asia, however, a study done between 1988 and 1997 of people aged 60 or older found that women were more likely to rely on their family for financi al support and men were more likely to have their own source of income (Ofstedal, Reidy, & Knodel, 2004). However, a study of â€Å"5,294 noninstitutionalized elderly adults†¦concluded that working for a living was associated with high rates of depression among the elderly† (Hong, et al, 2009), most likely due to Asian traditional social value (xiao) which reflects bad on the family of children who cannot support their parents (Li, et al, 2011).Facilitators and Barriers The earth’s populace of 60+ year olds has doubled since 1980 and will achieve the 2 billion mark by 2050 according to the World Health Organization (World Health Organization, n. d. ; Gilbert, et al, 2012). Catherine Gilbert, Debra Hagerty and Helen Taggert generated a study â€Å"to explore the factors associated with healthy ageing through personal interviews†¦giving voice to the elders regarding their impression of facilitators and barriers to healthy ageing† (Gilbert, et al, 2012).T he results found the elderly perceive three main facilitators to healthy ageing: â€Å"taking care of self; meaningful activity; and positive attitude,† and three main barriers to healthy ageing: â€Å"giving up or giving in; environmental limitations; and the ageing process† (Gilbert, et al, 2012). Empathy is a facilitator and plays an important role in healthy ageing and quality of life through social interaction and is a requirement for enduring social commitments (Bailey, Henry, & Von Hippel, 2008). Empathy has been described as the; ‘capacity to understand others and experience their feelings in relation to oneself’ (Decety & Jackson, 2004). Few studies have been done to reveal whether empathic capacity diminishes with age (Bailey, et al, 2008). Phoebe Bailey, Julie Henry and William Von Hippel researched the â€Å"possibility that age-related reductions in social functioning might be mediated by declining cognitive empathy† with results testif ying â€Å"cognitive empathy was significantly reduced related to younger adults,† but â€Å"there were no age-related differences in affective empathy† (Bailey, et al, 2008).Thus empathy as a facilitator to healthy aging and quality of life bares much weight in functional relationships. A social network also facilitates healthy aging and quality of life. Social support, created by relationships, both formal and informal, provides one with emotional, affective and material help, with information, and with positive social interaction (Ostergren, Hanson, Isacsson, & Tejler, 1991). It has been proven by studies that adequate social support is a efensive aspect in functional disability and cognitive compromise in the elderly (Golden, Conroy, & Lawlor, 2009; Bennett, Schneider, Tang, Arnold, & Wilson, 2006; Stuck, Walhert, Nikolaus, Bula, Hohmann, & Beck, 1999). Autonomy and independence within family and social circles is maintained through social supports and is essential to cognitive functions and psychological well-being (Golden, et al, 2009; Bennett, et al, 2006; Stuck, et al, 1999). On the other hand, barriers to healthy ageing and quality of life include physical ability and cognitive alterations.Barriers â€Å"reported by older adults are physical health problems and frailty, resultant injury and falling, lack of motivation, feeling low, time constraints, social barriers, past seentary lifestyle, feeling too tired, and environmental restrictions such as transportation, weather, neighborhood safety, fatigue and having no one to exercise with† (Belza, et al. , 2004; Bird, et al. , 2009; Chen, 2010; Conn, 1998; Lees, Clark, Nigg, & Newman, 2005; Newson & Kemps, 2007; Prohaska, et al. , 2006).Yet fear of disease and becoming dependent is a great motivator to be physically active (Welmer, Morck, & Dahlin-Ivanoff, 2012). Another barrier to healthy ageing and quality of life in the elderly is cognitive alterations. Primary aging results in a s low steady decline of mental functions. Loss of words, ability to understand and perceive, to move efficiently and smoothly, and ability to manage, control, and regulate cognitive processes all deteriorate as we get older, allbeit some faster than others (Brito & Pavarini, 2012). †¦with memory loss standing out most in the population in general.Maintenance of cognition is an important determinant for quality of life and life expectancy in old age, as cognitive decline is associated with personal discomfort, loss of autonomy and increase of social costs (Brito & Pavarini, 2012). Research and Results The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the CDC Healthy Ageing Research Network (CDC-HAN) and the European Union Active and Healthy Ageing partnership (ND) all agree healthy ageing is important and pursue educating the public through studies and research (Gilbert, et al, 2012).The mission of the CDC Healthy Ageing Research Network is: â€Å"To better understand the dete rminants of healthy ageing in diverse populations and settings; to identify, develop, and evaluate programs and policies that promote healthy ageing; and to translate and disseminate research into effective and sustainable public health programs and policies throughout the nation (CDC, 2012). By using research from these agencies, communities throughout the world can develop programs that enhance and promote healthy aging and quality of life for the elderly (Gilbert, et al, 2012).The World Health Organization is aware of the challenges in healthcare faced in the 21st century, as well as, the need for the contributions the elderly make (Gilbert, et al, 2012). In support of healthy ageing and quality of life we need â€Å"training for health professionals on old-age care; preventing and managing age-associated chronic diseases; designing sustainable policies on long-term and palliative care; and developing age-friendly services and settings† (WHO, n. d. ) Along with national re search, colligate, institutional, private, and organizational studies continue the quest for positive healthy aging and quality of life.Many studies extol the benefits of social support and physical activity upon the health and well-being, both mentally and physically, of the elderly. A study by Anna-Karin Welmer, Annika Morck, and Synneve Dahlin-Ivanoff; â€Å"Physical Activity in People Age 80 Years and Older as a Means to Counteracting Disability, Balanced in Relation to Frailty,† declares: †¦results suggest that physical activity was not seen as a separate activity but rather as a part of activities often rated as more important than the physical activity itself.Thus, when designing physical activity interventions for elderly people, health care providers should consider including time for social interaction and possibilities to be outdoors (Welmer, et al, 2012). In another study exploring â€Å"Empathy and Social Functioning in Late Adulthood,† Bailey, Henry, and Von Hippel report: †¦aging may differentially impact cognitive and affective empathy, and that the former may be of particular importance for social functioning.Given the negative consequences that loneliness and social isolation have for physical and mental well-being (House, Landis, & Umberson, 1988), particularly among older adults (for whom reduced social participation has been linked to increased mortality; (Bath & Deeg, 2005; Fry & Debats, 2006), these findings seem a worthwhile topic for further investigation (Bailey, et al, 2008). Yet another study by Gilbert, Hagerty and Taggert, â€Å"Exploring Factors Related to Healthy Ageing,† reveals the importance of environment in facilitating a healthy social and physically active lifestyle.Tom, an interviewee and participant in the study â€Å"was very articulate about the need for environmental modifications that support the lifestyles of the elderly (Gilbert, et al, 2012). â€Å"To be active, means to be able t o travel and do things. Unfortunately, when we travel, the people who claim to have handicap rooms have had the worst advice in the world. Numerous times I have been placed in situations where you can’t sit down in the shower or if you get in the tub, you can’t get out† (Gilbert, et al, 2012).In a study, â€Å"Gender Differences in the Relationship of Social Activity and Quality of Life in Community- Dwelling Taiwanese Elders,† Li, Lin, and Chen find to some degree that gender does play a role in what activities are pursued and measured as resulting in quality of life by the elderly. For the men in this study, engaging in contact with friends, informal group activity, formal group activity, and voluntary work were significantly associated with the total quality of life. Among women, our data show that fewer types of social activity are associated with quality of life domains (Li, et al, 2011).Men seemed to derive quality of life through formal groups where status and title were bestowed, whereas, women found quality of life sustained in religious activities (Li, et al, 2011). A study by Brito and Pavarini, â€Å"The Relationship Between Social Support and Functional Capacity in Elderly Persons with Cognitive Alterations,† corroborates the importance of social support in regards to healthy aging and quality of life, especially among the elderly with cognitive inpairment.Social support may protect individuals from the pathogenic effects of stressing events, as much as it may positively affect people’s health by providing resources (economic and material help and information), better access to health care and regulation of living habits (Ramos, 2002). Research and study in gerontology promote understanding of the needs of the elderly in establishing adequate structuring and implantation of pathways that contribute to social support and physical activities, which in turn corroborates healthy aging and quality of life (Brito & Pavarini, 2012).Conclusion Getting old is a fact of life and with advances in medicine and the world’s population living longer (WHO, n. d. ), coping successfully with getting older requires selective optimization with compensation; setting goals, assessing abilities, and making plans to achieve regardless of hindrances and limitations (Berger, 2011). A positive outlook, family and friends, and an active lifestyle are all deterrents of morbidity (Gilbert, Hagerty, & Taggert, 2012).Influenced by a healthy lifestyle, successful healthy ageing is clearly related to a decreased mortality risk and a postponement in, and in some cases suspension of, health deterioration (Merrill, et al, 2008). 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The Effect of the Drugs in Baseball - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 980 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/02 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Baseball Essay Did you like this example? Following the investigations on Barry Bonds and Mark McGwire for the use of performance enhancing drugs, the ethics of how the media reports on alleged crimes committed by baseball players needs to be further explored. The majority of professional sports face the potential threat of their athletes using steroids, but Major League Baseball has become generally known for rampant steroid use across the league. How did this happen? Since 1988, steroids have found their way into baseball and while some of the most prominent players in the league have out right denied the use of performance enhancing drugs such as David Ortiz and Barry Bonds, a few have come out and claimed that the majority of the league is actually â€Å"juiced up†.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Effect of the Drugs in Baseball" essay for you Create order In 2012, relief pitcher Eric Gagne, said that â€Å"It was sufficient to ruin my health, tarnish my reputation and throw a shadow over the extraordinary performances of my career†¦ I was intimately aware of the clubhouse in which I lived. I would say that 80 percent of the Dodgers players were consuming them.† Jose Canseco, who played for the Oakland Athletics at the time, wrote in his book, Juiced, that he and McGwire would apply steroids via a syringe through the buttocks. Because of how some players in recent history have tried to save face after having their careers tarnished from PED accusations, it has led many fans within the sport and beyond to believe it’s a very casual performance for a major league ball-player. After legendary seasons by players like McGwire, Bonds, Sammy Sosa, and Jason Giambi, baseball reached a new high in viewership nationwide. The game also saw a transition from the classic style of good defense and aggressive baserunning to how many players in the lineup can drive the ball over the fence. By 2002, a lot of the mystery surrounding the transition came out when the Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) came under fire for providing anabolic steroids to many high profile baseball players. According to Dan Deluliis, â€Å"Out of 1,438 survey tests administered, MLB commissioner Bud Selig announced that five to seven percent of these tests were positive, a total of 104 positive tests. The names linked to these 104 positive tests were leaked to the media, most recently in February 2009. The names included the New York Yankees’ Alex Rodriguez, former player Sammy Sosa, the Boston Red Sox David Ortiz and Los Angeles Dodgers’ Manny Ramirez.† It has been discovered that Selig, as the commissioner of MLB, felt the need to get steroids out of the sport, no matter what the fans may otherwise prefer. Selig has never considered other disputes from fans such as time-clocks and a limited amount of pitcher-mount visits. But when it comes to performance enhancing drugs and home-runs, there really was no opportunity for him to budge. This is precisely why Selig began to enforce such a harsh drug-testing regimen. This actually also had an impact on other profession al American sports leagues, such as the National Football League. In the current climate, the NFL has the credentials to test any player as much as 10 times per month for any substance even beyond performance enhancement. Victor Conte is the main producer of BALCO as a sporting supplement organization that became truly involved with professionally organized sports in 1996. From this, several high profile baseball players were discovered to have taken PED’s. This organization was then investigated by former United States Senator, George J. Mitchell, in what has become famously known as The Mitchell Report. High-status players like Roger Clemens, Miguel Tejada, Rafael Palmero, and Mark McGwire were called to testify in front of Congress for their use of PED’s. This was a major story on ESPN and while the network was lambasting these players for their actions, they would not at any capacity clarify that this is still an ongoing issue. Of course, no one wants baseball players to rely on steroids which in turn encourages high school and college athletes to partake as well. However, in this dark era of MLB, more than half of players were taking PED’s. The difference is that only the mos t powerful of performers were the one’s being investigated and targeted by the media. The Mitchell Report is a 409 page report that investigated all athletes in MLB that were accused of using PED’s in the league. This is a concern because the player’s association actually did not consent to having the information evolved from the investigation exposed to the public. At a certain point, it becomes clear that players actions, no matter how heinous they may be, are not in any capacity able to be kept confidential. At this time, it wasn’t clear what kind of steroids or performance enhancing drugs were illegal, so it’s reasonable to assume that these players were doing what they could to keep their positions. It is an unfortunate reality that when these baseball players were put in front of congress and became a top story for ESPN for several weeks, that the general public questioned the legitimacy of Major League Baseball. Once it became known through media that the majority of professional players were using steroids, players became analyzed in an unfairly fashion just because they performed better than they had in previous years. The main issue lies within the power that sports media has ethically when covering athletes. Sure, they have a huge responsibility to identify and call out actions that are unordinary and potentially harmful by athletes that can detriment the sport. However, to use that leverage of analyzer to accuse players across the board about who may be doing what is a slanderous act against all athletes. When players who dedicate their lives to their craft and to be blindly accused by network analysts for taking performance enhancing drugs does have a certain effect on t hat specific player’s reputation throughout the public.