Newborn Stages of Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Newborn Stages of Development - Essay Example This essay focuses mostly on the experience of raising a newborn baby and it being one of the most harrowing yet rewarding experiences of human life. This essay aims to look at and discuss the initial stages of development for a newborn child. The researcher provides important information on the topic, shedding light on baby's physiology and psychological condition and inform parents and caregivers about the importance of bonding with the baby in a positive way. In conclusion, the researcher states that it is important to realize that the age old adage about a newborn being like clay that can be molded into any sculpture is perhaps very true. A parents and caretakers have the utmost responsibility to encourage development of every facet of the newborn’s personality. Parents that are always absent from the baby’s life due to career-responsibilities perhaps inadvertently are hindering their infant’s personality development. Caretakers who also inhibit their infantà ¢â‚¬â„¢s movements due to safety concerns need to realize that such a move restricts the baby’s physical development; a baby needs to be allowed freedom of movement as long as there is no real danger involved. The researcher also suggests that perhaps the greatest thing to realize is that every baby is different. Fretting over a baby who takes a longer time to learn a task than its counterparts is usually detrimental to both the parents and caretakers and the baby and every infant should be allowed to grow up at its own pace.

Curriculum Planning History Essay Example for Free

Curriculum Planning History Essay Introduction Curriculum Planning History has several historical or political occurrences that have mostly influenced current curriculum design through various teaching styles and patterns. Educational communities shape and mold our society and society in turn impacts the curriculum. Majority of all stakeholders speak openly concerning their views today in hopes to persuade legislatures and school officials about decisions going forth or changing within school systems. In the last 10 years some of the most dramatically changes within curriculum in the schools has resulted due to the increasing number of US youth in school, the diversity of the US population, traditional classroom setting activities, increase in pre-kindergarten students beginning school, the likelihood of diminishing smaller schools, minimizing teacher/pupil ratios at a slow pace, technological future: and the future becoming technology, and who is left to teach becomes a critical question. The ELL laws and SIOP have impacted our educational communities’ curriculum development in both negative and positive ways. For example, some of the benefits of SIOP for non-ELL teachers are dramatic increase awareness in professional-development programs on how to teach English-language learners as a plus in the implementation of the law. Nevertheless, the No Child Left Behind Act could be thought of as a disadvantage more than a benefit to English-language learners, this belief is one of the few researchers who have studied the impact that the law has had on instruction. I personally believe in the NCLB Act and I was very much an advocate for the Act when it initially became effective. Also we must acknowledge the â€Å"gifted education† movement and how it identifies with the initial curriculum development both negatively and positively from its first implementations of similar development and specifications. Most Influential Historical/Political Occurrences The melting pot approach has interested educators in the integration of diversity. The melting pot approach was adopted in the 60s and 70s, soon quickly becoming known nationwide in the United States at the same time interacting with similar subjects of various cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds. Metaphoric speaking contents of the potpeople of different cultures, languages and religions are combined so as to lose their distinct identities resulting in a final product that is quite interesting but nothing like the normal consistency at start. Resulting in more multicultural, multiethnic and multi-religious societies it is important that curriculum understands and reflect these changes. As stated by Ornstein and Hunkins (1998), â€Å"the complexion of our students is changing from one colour to various shades of colour and this adding of colour and cultural diversity will continue into the foreseeable future† (p.146). As we continue to research our influential historical and political occurrences we take notice of the world changing into a global village. Society becoming even more diverse as people brings new values and new languages to assist in establishing a new way of life. Then there is the salad bowl approach where diversity is personified individually but all uniquely at the same time. In other words, take for instance the makeup of a salad where all ingredients (diverse backgrounds) maintain their own specific flavors. The salad bowl approach is better representation than the melting pot approach. It is politically correct to assume that Cultural diversity of pluralism demonstrates how most societal beliefs are made up of several voices and various races. This outline allows groups to show good manners and appreciation of each other; coexisting and interacting without issues. Society members usually more committed than not in participating and sharing the lead of power and decision making as history proves with this approach. ELL Laws and SIOP Impact Educators specializing in teaching English-language learners tend to be uncertain about the federal No Child Left Behind Act. Although, most have expressed that the 10-year-old plus law has shown concern for the handling of test results resulting from the criteria spelled out within the NCLB Act. It is evident that the challenges these students face has prompted an  increase in professional development, specifically for mainstream teachers. While acknowledging the ELL Laws are not clear about the instruction being more positive or negative overall. As English-learners’ test scores fall short many believe it is wrong to penalize schools. In addition to reviewing the ELL laws we must address the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol, or SIOP, defined as a model for teaching English and academic content simultaneously. For example, clearly written objectives content, clearly written language objectives, key vocabulary emphasized, various technique concepts usage to stress clarity, and providing many consistent opportunities for interactive teacher/student dialogue encouraging elaborated responses are some examples. For example, SIOP allows a teacher to implement various hands on teaching and training aids that can only assist in teaching the average ELL students at a more rapid pace. â€Å"Gifted Education† Movement Impact The â€Å"Gifted Education† curriculum has impacted education for at least twenty-five years or more with various issues. Therefore implementing and identifying key trends including values and substantial material for the elite, technological subject matter, aspects of creative interactive lesson plans for the academically skilled persons within core subject areas. It is obvious Passow’s flattering article on secondary programming was designed for the gifted student that was justifiably leveled between mental and influential areas. Passow’s model provided answers on creating a guide for tracking implementations and improvements that called for concerns about accepting one’s own beliefs and assisting others who you might not agree with. It was also centered morally and ethically with developmental stages in reality and emphasis on critical thinking and resolving problems, a stress on the liberal arts, and customized choices. Surely, Passow and VanTassel-Baska are advocates for Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate programs. Mentorships, internships, and independent study are all examples of why there is a need for more customized interactions. Conclusion Curriculum Planning History occurrences are dictated by the outcome of present and past societal decisions that have outweighed educational models  and theories across the nation in various educational communities. Curriculum Planning prepares students from past experiences to embrace the now and willingly reaches out and take on the future. In other words, a curriculum needs to address the wants and needs of everyone desiring to resolve social conditions locally, nationally and globally (McNeil, 1995). In the United States the number of school-age students will grow from more than 60 million in 2012 to possibly 80 million in 2050. However, it is extremely critical not to ignore or deny the possibilities the trends reveal. Therefore, we can hope â€Å"Trends† will best serve as a starting point where educators and facilities professionals come together to â€Å"think outside of the box,† to ask â€Å"what if,† to wonder â€Å"why can’t we,† and to â€Å"consider the unconsidered.† Flashing back on Chen, 20110, stating how open discussions of the potential impact of the trends on public education and its school structures will surely emerge new and exciting ideas. Undoubtedly, the roles of all stakeholders will be affected by a changing future. In conclusion, it has been proven that educators and educational specialists do continue to shape diverse futures. As an old favorite African proverb of mine reminds us; Tomorrow belongs to the people who prepare for it today. A Collaborative Curriculum is created and necessary based on the circumstances and beliefs during that period of time. The collaboration is reflective of various political ideologies, societal predictions, divine beliefs and wisdom conceptions at a particular point in time. While there is great advancements in information and communication technology, administrators, teachers and students are expressing and gathering views globally. It has been seen in other school systems and majority of all stakeholders would like to see these practices in their own educational community. References: Ornstein, A. and Hunkins, F. Curriculum: Foundations, principle and issues. (1998). Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Chapter 5: Social foundations of curriculum. Passow, A. H. (1986). Curriculum for the gifted and talented at the secondary level. Gifted Child Quarterly, 30, 186-191. [See Vol. 4, p. 103.] Stevenson, K. R., (September 2010). Educational Trends Shaping School Planning, Design, Construction, Funding, and Operation., National Clearing House For Educational Facilities www.files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED539457.pdf Topic 3: Social Foundations of Curriculum peoplelearn.homestead.com/beduc/module_3.social.history.doc VanTassel-Baska, J., Zuo, L., Avery, L. D., Little, C. A. (2002). A curriculum study of gifted-student learning in the language arts. Gifted Child Quarterly, 46(1), 30-44. [See Vol. 5.] VanTassel-Baska, J., (2003). Introduction to Curriculum for Gifted and Talented Students: A 25-Year Retrospective and Prospective. The College of William and Mary.

The Painter :: essays research papers

Suddenly, he woke up. He sensed that the train had stopped. â€Å"Am I in Beijing?† John Gwen thought. He looked around and saw Tianjing signs on the pillars in the train station. â€Å"Looks like this is it. Well I better hop off and glance around. After he hopped off, he saw two security guards hurrying toward him. Uh-oh. Two strong security guards rushed to him and grabbed him. The other one took his painting. They sent him to the office to confront their chief. The chief was sitting down behind a large desk and looked like a kind looking man that was toughened by the world. He had eyes that can look right through you. â€Å"Chief, we caught this thief trying to sneak off the cargo train that just arrived. This is what he stole.† Said one of the guards as he handed the painting over to the chief. â€Å"I suggest putting him in jail for fifteen days and see if he tries to steal again.† Said the other guard. â€Å"Oh no,† John thought, â€Å"if they put me in jail for fifteen days. I’ll miss the art convention. I must prove my innocence.† â€Å"No, no, I swear, I didn’t steal it! That’s my—â€Å" â€Å"Shut up!† the first guard ordered. The chief had been silent since the suspect had been brought in. The man looks like a high school student. He is shivering and looks very nervous. â€Å"Is he shivering because he is afraid of getting caught? Or is he freezing?† he thought. â€Å"Okay, what’s your name? â€Å"J†¦J†¦John Gwen.† He muttered, â€Å"c†¦can I have hot water?† â€Å"Sure.† And he poured some hot water for him pretending not to hear the grunt from one of the guards. Then he waited as John slowly drank the water. â€Å"Well,† John thought, â€Å"if I can’t prove that the painting is mine, I could get to the convention on time but I will also have to pay for sneaking on the train. However, I could pretend to go to the bathroom and escape but I won’t be able to take my painting with me. Also, how will I get to Beijing then?† â€Å"Okay, what are you doing here?† the chief asked. â€Å"I was going to go to Beijing but at Shenyang, I fell asleep when I was waiting for the train and somebody stole my tickets and all my money so I snuck on a cargo train and I thought it was going to Beijing but when I woke up I was in Tianjing and then two guards rushed over and—â€Å"

Marriage In The Renaissance Era

Irvin Alfalfa Mrs.. Fever English 1 (College Prep) April 26, 2013 Marriage in the Renaissance Era Marriage customs today are very different than those of the Renaissance era. During this era women had limited options in marriage and life. In Michael Best's article, â€Å"The Age of Marriage,† he indicates that although people did not get married as young as people believed, marriage was still not so much about love. For example, â€Å"in some noble houses marriages were indeed made at a young age for reasons of property and family alliance,† (Best, 1).A clear example of this is that Caplet wants Juliet to marry Paris to expand their name and alliances. Juliet did not love Paris but was being forced into marrying him by her parent's. In addition, girls were obliged to marry a man that was successful and rich. This narrowed down the limited choices for women and although young girls had no interest in marrying they had to in order to get wealthier and have a better life. However, children of noble birth ran a great risk if they tried to marry without their parent's prior approval, since they would be feet with no resources.Some marriages were in fact based on love but it was very rare because the bridegroom may not have been wealthy or known. Novel Guider's article, â€Å"The Institution of Marriage in Renaissance Era,† implies that marriage was both secular and sacred. For example, secularly, it served as a coming together of two parties interested in obtaining property, money, or political alliances. This was the main goal of noble homes. Some marriages were also sacred in that it assured the love of a man and woman and searched for reproduction.William Shakespearean ark displays the sacredness of love and marriage. However, some families did not force marriages because, â€Å"the best marriages were those that were equally consensual and desired by both parties,† (novel guide, 1). Freedom of choice varied for each child in a family. Each child had a certain amount of freedom in choosing their mate. The eldest son was under the greatest pressure since he inherited the majority of the land. His marriage was often critical to the families survival because they depended on him for financial support. This article somewhat contradictsMichael Best's article in which he states that all marriages where forced on. Jeremy Goldberg article, â€Å"The Right to Choose: Woman, Consent and Marriage in Late Medieval England,† suggests that marriage was indeed forced on, but by not only parent's. Jeremy Goldberg provides an example in which a girl was forced by her attacker to agree to marry him. This was very common during this era. Men eager for money and land would force wealthy and innocent girls into marrying them. John Dale was a man who used physical violence and the threat of it to con Agnes into marrying him.In all, these three articles provide examples of marriage being an important for both men and woman. Some marriages were made to have more wealth and land while others were made simply because two partners loved each other very much. Some marriages were so important that men would take drastic measures in order to have a wife. And although women had very limited options and were considered a minority, they managed to have a good life if they chose the right man. Very much has changed during the years. Best, Michael. â€Å"The Age of Marriage. † Roughage Ballads. University of Victoria

All my sons

Larrys letter is instrumental in forcing Keller to realise his fault. Discuss (20M) All My Sons a play by Arthur Miller was staged at the coronet theatre In January 1947 and ran for 328 performances. The play was well constructed and realistic in nature, and it was extremely popular among the audiences. All My Sons started in the middle of things and spends most of the play uncovering the facts of the past so that the audience can see the last act consequences In the present.The play actually deals with the fate of Joe Keller, an uneducated self-made man who has committed an atrocious act during World War II. The play ends with the suicide of the Joe Keller who repents after being exposed with the content of his son Larrys letter. As mentioned earlier, Joe Keller is an uneducated self-made man who has committed an atrocious act during World War II. Keller has as partner Steve Deever and their factory manufactures cylinder heads for aircrafts. During the war, they receive a contract f rom the army to supply cylinder heads on an urgent basis.However the cylinder heads had hairline cracks in them and Keller is immediately informed by Deever. But Keller asked Deever to get the cylinder heads welded and that he would ake full responsibility of the damaged products. unfortunately those damaged cylinder heads cause twenty-one planes to crash killing their pilots. However at the trial Keller denies responsibility and is exonerated, and the blame shifts to Steve Deever who Is Imprisoned. Following that Joe Keller lives In total impunity with his family.However when he is confronted with the content of his son Larry's letter, he is forced to realise his fault. In fact Larrys letter was intended to his fianc ©e Ann, in which he reveals that he was shamed by his father's involvement In fraud and profiteering. Consequently he committed suicide by allowing his plane to crash. However the content of the letter was kept secret by Ann because of her selfish motive to get marri ed to Chris who is Larrys brother. Moreover she did not want to break the harmony of the home of her would be In laws.But finally the content of the letter is revealed to Kate Keller by Ann because the former is still refusing the union of Ann and Chris. Consequently Ann uses the letter as her trump card to save her future union with Chris and the letter forces Kate to accept to accept Larrys death and her husband's crime of killing twenty one pilots, Moreover Chris Is also made ware of the content of the letter and is unwilling to forgive his father. Consequently Joe Keller is confronted by Chris and based on the content of Larrys letter, Joe keller is compelled to reveal the truth of the case to Chris.Joe Keller tries to justify his acts by arguing that he had worked in the interest of his family. But Chris being an Idealist condemns the act of his father. Finally Joe Keller realises his fault and understands the disastrous implications of his actions. In order to escape from guil t and repay for his crime, he commits suicide. To conclude, It can be said that the Larrys letter is indeed of prime importance in making Joe Keller realise his fault, but who unfortunately has a tragic end.BY sachtn051032 My Sons a play by Arthur Miller was staged at the coronet theatre in January 1947 audience can see the last act consequences in the present. The play actually deals take full responsibility of the damaged products. Unfortunately those damaged Deever who is imprisoned. Following that Joe Keller lives in total impunity with his forced to realise his fault. In fact Larry's letter was intended to his fianc ©e Ann, in which he reveals that he was shamed by his father's involvement in fraud and reak the harmony of the home of her would be in laws.But finally the content of the future union with Chris and the letter forces Kate to accept to accept Larry's death and her husband's crime of killing twenty one pilots. Moreover Chris is also made is compelled to reveal the truth of the case to Chris. Joe Keller tries to Justify his acts idealist condemns the act of his father. Finally Joe Keller realises his fault and and repay for his crime, he commits suicide. To conclude, it can be said that the Larry's letter is indeed of prime importance in making Joe Keller realise his fault.

Discussion Essays

Discussion Essays Discussion Essay Discussion Essay According to contemporary astronomers, what Is the chronological evolution of the universe from Its moment of Inception at the Big Bang to the formation of the Earth? Answer: When we look into outer-space today we see billions upon billions of stars the cover the universe, but what may have crossed your mind is how did they get there? Well before, these stars were there it was said that the universe was a very hot, small, ND dense with no stars, atoms, forms singularity. The way that the universe became what we see today Is what scientist calls The Big Bang Theory not to get confused with the show. Clients base the Big Bang theory on many deferent factors/ observations. The most important is the reediest of very far away galaxies. Reediest is the Doppler reaction that occurs in light. When an object moves away from earth, it looks reddish because the movement stretches the wavelength. The reddish color occurs because; red is the lowest wavelength on the visible. The more reediest there is, the faster the object is moving away. By measuring the reediest, scientists proved that the universe is expanding and can even work out how fast the object Is moving. Basically, what happened Is that space became expanding very quickly about fourteen billion years ago, and which resulted in the formation of atoms, which eventually led to the creation of stars and galaxies. Space as we know it was created, and is still expanding at a very rapid rate while becoming much cooler. 2. ) What is the evolution of Earths atmosphere? Discussion Terrorism is of great concern to the world. Every country is working towards finding a solution to this problem. It has led to invasions of countries that are known to harbor terrorists to get the culprits concerned. This has led to significant strides towards eliminating these threats. Many of the world’s most dangerous terrorists have either been caught or killed. For instance, United States’ Iraq invasion led to the death of Osama Bin Laden, the most wanted terrorist world over. After an invasion, many people are captured. These people are part of the terrorist groups. The information they have might be helpful towards curbing terrorist attacks in the world. These captives are held normally without trial so they can help with investigations. Terrorist are detained without a trial as they have committed crimes against humanity. Their actions lead to the loss of lives and property. Therefore, terrorists should be detained without trial. If they are left to roam the streets, they might endanger the lives of more innocent citizens. Since they have nothing to lose, they might plan more terror attacks. The damage they have already done severe enough. Holding a person without trial is however against basic human rights. Anyone is innocent until proven guilty. Lack of a trial denies captives their rights. Though some people might argue against the practice, they also need to recognize that terrorists are a flight risk. They are not the same as other criminals. If they are released on bond, they can flee before they are taken to court. This will be highly dangerous to the world. The world needs to send a stern message to terrorist groups. By being lenient, they will show the groups that they are willing to negotiate with them. Therefore, strict rules should be made to discourage terrorism attacks. Detaining terrorists without trial clearly sends out the message that the world is dedicated on fighting crime.

Some Effects of Lead Contamination on Liver and Gallbladder Bile

Some Effects of Lead Contamination on Liver and Gallbladder Bile Article Summary Lead poisoning is one of the common health problems affecting mankind today (Bhagwat, Patil, Sontakkem, 2008). The article â€Å"Some Effects of Lead Contamination on Liver and Gallbladder Bile† explores the toxic effects of lead on the human liver.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on â€Å"Some Effects of Lead Contamination on Liver and Gallbladder Bile† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the article, lead â€Å"results in weight loss, poor liver functioning, and abdominal pain† (Bhagwat et al., 2008, p. 3). The authors wanted to examine how lead affects the hepatobiliary system. This system is mainly composed of the gallbladder and the liver. Medicines containing lead affect the normal functioning of the liver. The toxin can also result in â€Å"peri-portal inflammation† (Sipos et al., 2003, p. 140). The â€Å"toxic compound also causes proliferation-effect on smooth muscle cells† (Sipos et al., 2003, p. 141). Increased levels of lead will eventually result in liver damage. This situation occurs because there are free radicals associated with the toxin. Lead also â€Å"disturbs most of the biochemical processes associated with the hepatobiliary system† (Sipos et al., 2003, 141). This compound can eventually produce gallstones in the liver (Sipos et al., 2003). Review of the Article The article supports the toxicological effects of lead. According to many studies, lead is a toxic natural compound. The compound can be found in different food materials and water. The absence of a feedback mechanism explains why this toxin is less available. However, continued intake of certain compounds such as â€Å"amino acids, vitamin D, ascorbic acid, fats, and sodium citrate increases chances of lead poisoning† (Sipos et al., 2003, p. 140). The article goes further to highlight the effects of lead on the human liver. The compound als o affects the intestinal system. It causes abdominal discomfort. The â€Å"toxic compound also stimulates intercellular signaling between hepatocytes and Kupffer cells† (Sipos et al., 2003, p. 141).Advertising Looking for article on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lead will eventually result in liver damage. Lead also affects different biliary processes in the body. Many people have developed numerous health complications due to prolonged exposure to this compound. That being the case, people should embrace the best practices in order to address the problems associated with lead poisoning. This practice will support the health needs of many people in the society. Analysis and Discussion The authors have used a proper approach to complete their study. They have highlighted the potential sources of lead. They have also analyzed the pathways associated with lead poisoning. They have also ex amined how this compound affects different systems in the body. The compound is also deposited in the liver. It affects the normal functioning of the organ. Prolonged exposure to the toxin will also affect many body functions (Bhagwat et al., 2008). This discussion supports most of the concepts gained in class. The authors have also explained how continued exposure to the compound can affect different biliary processes (Sipos et al., 2003). The body is also a complex system. Every organ or system supports a wide range of biological processes. Failure of different organs will â€Å"affect the normal functioning of the other systems† (Bhagwat et al., 2008, p. 5). This knowledge encourages people to focus on the best health practices. Patients should get the best medical support after ingesting large quantities of lead. New studies are also required in order to understand how this toxic compound affects other body systems. This knowledge will support the health needs of many pop ulations.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on â€Å"Some Effects of Lead Contamination on Liver and Gallbladder Bile† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Bhagwat, V., Patil, A., Sontakkem, A. (2008). Occupational Lead Exposure and Liver Functions in Battery Manufacture Workers around Kolhapur (Maharashtra). Al Ameen Journal of Medical Science, 1(1), 2-9. Kacew, S., Lee, B. (2013). Lu’s Basic Toxicology: Fundamentals, Target Organs, and Risk Assessment. New York, NY: Information Healthcare. Sipos, P., Szentmihalyi, K., Feher, E., Abaza, M., Szilagyi, M.,†¦Blazovics, A. (2003). Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 47(1), 139-142.

Second Battle of El Alamein in World War II

Second Battle of El Alamein in World War II The Second Battle of El Alamein was fought from October 23, 1942 to November 5, 1942 during World War II (1939-1945) and was the turning point of the campaign in the Western Desert. Having been driven east by Axis forces in 1942, the British had established a strong defensive line at El Alamein, Egypt. Recovering and reinforcing, new leadership on the British side commenced planning an offensive to regain the initiative. Launched in October, the Second Battle of El Alamein saw British forces grind through the enemy defenses before shattering the Italo-German lines. Short on supplies and fuel, Axis forces were compelled to retreat back into Libya. The victory ended the threat to the Suez Canal and provided a significant boost to Allied morale. Background In the wake of its victory at the Battle of Gazala (May-June, 1942), Field Marshal Erwin Rommels Panzer Army Africa pressed British forces back across North Africa. Retreating to within 50 miles of Alexandria, General Claude Auchinleck was able to stop the Italo-German offensive at El Alamein in July. A strong position, the El Alamein line ran 40 miles from the coast to the impassable Quattara Depression. While both sides paused to rebuild their forces, Prime Minister Winston Churchill arrived in Cairo and decided to make command changes. New Leadership Auchinleck was replaced as Commander-in-Chief Middle East by General Sir Harold Alexander, while the 8th Army was given to Lieutenant General William Gott. Before he could take command, Gott was killed when the Luftwaffe shot down his transport. As a result, command of the 8th Army was assigned to Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery. Moving forward, Rommel attacked Montgomerys lines at the Battle of Alam Halfa (August 30-September 5) but was repulsed. Choosing to take a defensive stance, Rommel fortified his position and placed over 500,000 mines, many of which were anti-tank types. Field Marshal Harold Alexander. Armies Commanders British Commonwealth General Sir Harold AlexanderLieutenant General Bernard Montgomery220,00 men1,029 tanks750 aircraft900 field guns1,401 anti-tank guns Axis Powers Field Marshal Erwin RommelLieutenant General Georg Stumme116,000 men547 tanks675 aircraft496 anti-tank guns Monty's Plan Due to the depth of Rommels defenses, Montgomery carefully planned his assault. The new offensive called for infantry to advance across the minefields (Operation Lightfoot) which would allow engineers to open two routes through for the armor. After clearing the mines, the armor would reform while the infantry defeated the initial Axis defenses. Across the lines, Rommels men were suffering from a severe lack of supplies and fuel. With the bulk of German war materials going to the Eastern Front, Rommel was forced to rely on captured Allied supplies. His health failing, Rommel took leave to Germany in September. General Erwin Rommel in North Africa, 1941. Photograph Courtesy of the National Archives Records Administration A Slow Start On the night of October 23, 1942, Montgomery began a heavy 5-hour bombardment of the Axis lines. Behind this, 4 infantry divisions from XXX Corps advanced over the mines (the men did not weigh enough to trip the anti-tank mines) with the engineers working behind them. By 2:00 AM the armored advance began, however progress was slow and traffic jams developed. The assault was supported by diversionary attacks to the south. As dawn approached, the German defense was hampered by the loss of Rommels temporary replacement, Lieutenant General Georg Stumme, who died of a heart attack. German Counterattacks Taking control of the situation, Major-General Ritter von Thoma coordinated counterattacks against the advancing British infantry. Though their advance was bogged down, the British defeated these assaults and the first major tank engagement of the battle was fought. Having opened a six mile wide and five mile deep inroad into Rommels position, Montgomery began shifting forces north to inject life into the offensive. Over the next week, the bulk of the fighting occurred in the north near a kidney-shaped depression and Tel el Eisa. Returning, Rommel found his army stretched with only three days of fuel remaining. Axis Fuel Shortages Moving divisions up from the south, Rommel quickly found that they lacked the fuel to withdraw, leaving them exposed in the open. On October 26, this situation worsened when Allied aircraft sank a German tanker near Tobruk. Despite Rommels hardships, Montgomery continued to have difficulty breaking through as Axis anti-tank guns mounted a stubborn defense. Two days later, Australian troops advanced northwest of Tel el Eisa towards Thompsons Post in an attempt to break through near the coast road. On the night of October 30, they succeeded in reaching road and repelled numerous enemy counterattacks. British infantry attack at El Alamein, October 24, 1942. Public Domain Rommel Retreats: After assaulting the Australians again with no success on November 1, Rommel began to concede that the battle was lost and began planning a retreat 50 miles west to Fuka. At 1:00 AM on November 2, Montgomery launched Operation Supercharge with the goal of forcing the battle into the open and reaching Tel el Aqqaqir. Attacking behind an intense artillery barrage, the 2nd New Zealand Division and the 1st Armored Division met stiff resistance, but forced Rommel to commit his armored reserves. In the resulting tank battle, the Axis lost over 100 tanks. His situation hopeless, Rommel contacted Hitler and asked for permission to withdraw. This was promptly denied and Rommel informed von Thoma that they were to stand fast. In assessing his armored divisions, Rommel found that fewer than 50 tanks remained. These were soon destroyed by British attacks. As Montgomery continued to attack, entire Axis units were overrun and destroyed opening a 12-mile hole in Rommels line. Left with no choice, Rommel ordered his remaining men to begin retreating west. On November 4, Montgomery launched his final assaults with the 1st, 7th, and 10th Armored Divisions clearing the Axis lines and reaching open desert. Lacking sufficient transportation, Rommel was forced to abandon many of his Italian infantry divisions. As a result, four Italian divisions effectively ceased to exist. Aftermath The Second Battle of El Alamein cost Rommel around 2,349 killed, 5,486 wounded, and 30,121 captured. In addition, his armored units effectively ceased to exist as a fighting force. For Montgomery, the fighting resulted in 2,350 killed, 8,950 wounded, and 2,260 missing, as well as around 200 tanks permanently lost. A grinding battle that was similar to many fought during World War I, the Second Battle of El Alamein turned the tide in North Africa in favor of the Allies. Pushing west, Montgomery drove Rommel back to El Agheila in Libya. Pausing to rest and rebuild his supply lines, he continued to attack in mid-December and pressed the German commander into retreating again. Joined in North Africa by American troops, who had landed in Algeria and Morocco, Allied forces succeeded in evicting the Axis from North Africa on May 13, 1943 (Map).

The Development of Models for a Multimedia Presentation Assignment

The Development of Models for a Multimedia Presentation - Assignment Example Despite the fact that the car is the only car, its effect can be easily distinguished without application of a lot of expert interpretation or read its label. The reference materials have been exploited as much as possible. They include the rocky texture of the ground and the green watery plants common in cool places mostly inhibited by snails, the smoke below and past the car signifying the speed of the car, and many other observable references. It is also worth acknowledging the presence of various anatomical errors, used intentionally to express that the snail is frightened. These include references like the teeth and mouth of the snail, which are not present in the real-life appearance of a snail, as expressed in Figure 2 below. On the other hand, it is evident from the actual appearance of the car represented in Figure 3 below, that some details are not very accurately represented. For instance, this is a low clearance vehicle, which cannot rise as high as it is represented on the picture created. The objects captured in the created in the outcome (represented in Figure 1 above) involved the application of box modeling, and further subdivision and extradition of the objects to attain the right shapes. Figure 4 below is a collection of images representing the process of coming up with the snail’s shell. It began with a box, then adding lines to mark the edge flow, edges and vertices moved to shape. Thereafter, the subdivision of was done was applicable to attain better specifics, through chamfering or connecting edges. Occasionally pulling parts nearby with the Magnet/Tweak tools to acquire the shape of the snail, and the final appearance of the snail is represented in Figure 5 below. It is worth noting that sequence of modeling followed the highly advocated for steps as highlighted in the subsequent sentence.  

Few topics. African American Identities, African Immigration and Research Paper

Few topics. African American Identities, African Immigration and Diaspora, Africans becoming Americanized and losing culture - Research Paper Example Besides, the paper will talk about how African Americans today do not really accept their African side and want to be ‘Americanized’. It is also noted that in many instances, African American look down upon or dislike pure Africans and this is equally to be analyzed. Besides, the migration into America in search of employment or settlement in Diaspora is of concern to this paper. The 1807 abolition of slave trafficking into the US marked a great step in defining the future of the Africans who would often find their way to America as slaves. The abolition also allowed the slaves then to settle there and this marks the main origin of African Americans although scores of other Africans have latter settled in the US intentionally, or as the law allows either in search of employment opportunities, education, as refugees or seeking asylum or for such other reasons as. There is however a disparity that is pointed out between the native African Americans especially who are citizens by birth and the immigrants. History depicts a ‘bad’ past for the African Americans who faced among other things prejudice from the whites based on the skin color. In fact, despite having rightfully settled and acquired the American citizenship, history shows how the racial discrimination has been a feature in the country. The discrimination and or treatment accorded to the African Americans by the white would be based on identity. However, great changes have been witnessed with great persons of African origin rising to heights of influence in the nation with the most current being the president. This shows a great evolution with the African Americans now actively participating merely in all aspects of life and politics being the most influential. The African-American identity has slowly gained acceptance among the whites in the country hence explaining even the policy frameworks that allow even new immigrants of

Critically analyse three different stylistic usages of English 1.The Essay

Critically analyse three different stylistic usages of English 1.The language of Poetry, 2.Journalese, 3.The language of Adverti - Essay Example Grammatical devices make ads closer to the audience, translating them from written into oral manner. In other words, written ads should be memorable for the audience as if they heard them every day. Grammatical simplicity (Example 4) and easy perception of ads is the right way to gain a wider audience (Bovee & Arens, 2006). Moreover, definite articles play an important semantic role in ads. They are widely used in ads and create ‘particularity of reference’ (Example 5). Of course, the usage of specific grammatical devices is not enough to reach success in advertising. Creative writing, such as usage of puns, polysemy, alliteration, metaphors etc is an integral part of a successful ad. For example, The flavour of a Quaver is never known to waver- rhyming American Home has an edifice complex- pun The more we progress, the better you advance- pun (Bovee & Arens, 2006). Aurally, the audience is attracted and thus memorizes ads. As a result, a vivid language of advertising ca n be also met in other social spheres of life. Political leaders use some methods of language of advertising in their promotional campaigns; journalists try to draw attention of the readers to their articles by the usage of creative writing and a high level of communication. Still, there are numerous techniques used by advertisers, but all of them are directed on showing perfectness and superiority of the advertised product. For example, the usage of ‘the weasel claim’ is directed on showing the audience superiority of the product. As it is known, â€Å"a weasel word is a modifier that practically negates the claim that follows. The expression "weasel word" is aptly named after the egg-eating habits of weasels†. This technique copies a weasel behavior inside an egg. It sucks out an egg from inside and casual observers can’t find anything inside. Therefore, â€Å"words or claims that appear substantial upon first look but disintegrate into hollow meaningle ssness on analysis are weasels† (Example 6). Another apt technique used to show the superiority of an advertised product is to use ‘we are different and unique’ claim. This technique is the most known to the audience (Example 7). The uniqueness of the product is communicated to the audience by the usage of word combinations, such as ‘there is nothing else like†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, ‘there is no other†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and words ‘unique’, ‘extraordinary’, ‘different’ etc (Schrank). Therefore, language of advertising can be named a language of ‘public-colloquial discourse’, as it is stated by Leech. If to summarize stylistic devices used in advertising, we can create ad phrase: employ creativity and reach perfectibility. The language of poetry The language of poetry is a interesting stylistic phenomenon. On the one hand, this literature genre is used to entertain and amuse readers, but on the other hand, poetry transfers through its form deep emotional senses. Poetic texts are created for pleasure and amusement, for thinking and joy. A great arsenal of stylistic devices is the right way for embodiment of poetic images. Therefore, such devices as inversion (‘Yet know I how the heather looks’, Emily Diskinson from Collected Poems), repetition (‘IT tossed and tossed’, Ibid.) parallelism (‘Are her voice, and her hair, and eyes, and the dear red curve of her lips’ from Appendix II) are widely used. A poem â€Å"

Current Events in International Entrepreneurship Essay

Current Events in International Entrepreneurship - Essay Example What is observable is the general rise in the Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity throughout the world between the year 2010 and 2011 which contradicts with the experience in previous years. While efficiency-driven economies improved by nearly 25%, innovation-driven economies followed with a 22% increase. In fact, there are various factors that can be measured in order to understand entrepreneurship in a nation. The first one among them is the percentage of working age population who own or are engaged in setting up a new business. In addition, it is helpful to understand the informal investment rate. It means the percentage of the population who has personally invested in the business run by some other one. According to the GEM 2011 Global Report, some other important measures are the percentage of ventures with new products and new services, the percentage of foreign customers, and people’s belief about the chances for setting up a new business in their country. In or der to understand the situation in the nation, it may also be useful to assess people’s attitude towards new entrepreneurs in the society. It can be understood by checking if people believe entrepreneurs get high status in the society. Another vital measure is the involvement of media. For example, people’s perception of the degree of media exposure new successful ventures get has an impact on the entrepreneurship in total. 2. Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and Its Components In fact, the entrepreneurship ecosystem consists of six domains which effectively classify the hundreds of elements the ecosystem. They are conducive culture, enabling policies and leadership, availability of appropriate finance, quality human capital, venture-friendly markets, and infrastructural supports. The mere fact is that each ecosystem is in fact unique in nature with its own features. For example, in Taiwan, the ecosystem developed in the context of a huge accrual of highly successful Taiwanes e expatriates in the US. Similarly, the Chinese ecosystem is marked by a totalitarian government and diverse regional policies. Another interesting point is that a time comes when an entrepreneurship ecosystem becomes self-sustaining in nature. To illustrate, when it is found that all the six domains are strong enough to reinforce mutually, it is possible for the government to reduce its control over the market. As Isenberg points out, the various domains of entrepreneurship ecosystem can be identified as leadership, government financial capital, early customers, networks, labor, educational institutions, infrastructure, support professions, nongovernment institutions, societal norms, and success stories. Out of these factors, the leadership helps through social legitimacy, support, and policies. Also, there can be investment support, regulatory frameworks, and tax benefits. While educational institutions help in the form of special entrepreneurship training and degrees, societal no rms help through tolerance of risk, mistakes and failure. 3. Entrepreneurial Finance across the World It is generally found that in all countries, young and new firms have les dependence on bank financing and are more inclined towards informal financing. However, it is seen that in those nations with strict rules and better credit information, the

Fantastic Voyage Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fantastic Voyage - Term Paper Example Finally we will describe the exchange of oxygen with the delicate alveolar and the pathway used in inspiration and expiration. Body The femoral vein travels from the inside of the right leg, parallel to the femoral artery, upwards towards the center of the body. The femoral vein is a larger vein which receives blood from the popliteal, the great saphenous vein and the femoris (Femoral†¦). The femoral vein first comes into the external iliac vein and from there flows into the common iliac vein and into the inferior vena cava. The iliac veins form the common iliac at the small of the back around the fifth lumbar vertebra. It is the function of the vena cava to carry blood from the lower portion of the body directly to the heart (Inferior†¦). The vena cava empties into the right atrium, the lower right back side of the heart. The blood arrives into the right atrium un-oxygenated and is a darker color due to the lack of oxygen. The vena cava are the two largest veins in the bod y and the inferior runs alongside and behind the abdominal cavity and where the vena cava meets the right atrium is a valve known as the Eustachian valve. Though the Eustachian valve remains its primary functions are in the developing fetus, where it helps to direct blood flow through the foramen ovale into the left atrium. Once breathing begins this is no longer necessary and the foramen ovale closes and the amount of blood flow between the left and right atrium is limited. The vena cava are responsible for collecting blood from lumbar veins, hepatic veins, gonadal veins, renal veins and the phrenic veins (Cardiovascular†¦). All of this blood is un-oxygenated. Blood then flows through the tricuspid valve and is pumped into the right ventricle. Cardiac muscle provides rhythmic regular contractions to keep the blood flowing smoothly. After passing through the pulmonary valve the blood enters the pulmonary trunk (Right†¦). The contraction of the myocardium causes pressure wh ich forces the blood into the pulmonary truck where there is a left and right division. The trunk has a pulmonary semilunar valve that opens during contraction and closes when the muscle relaxes, thus preventing the blood from flowing back into the ventricular chamber. The right pulmonary artery carries the blood to the lower right lung. Within the right lower lung there are three lobes whereas the left lung has two lobes. Structures within the right lung include lateral, anterior, posterior, dorsal and medial bronchus (Chest†¦). A bronchial tree contains these bronchus and alveoli on these branches resemble grapes. Alveoli are thin membrane air sacs within the lung and the bronchial tree is the passage way through which air is passed in inspiration and expiration. Surfactants within the alveoli keep them from collapsing during exhalation and they remain slightly open. Without this surfactant the thin sacs would close in and stick to each other as air passes in and out of them and they inflate and deflate. The passageways into the lungs are lined with epithelia and cilia whose primary function is to move debris and foreign particles from out of the lungs. These provide the first line of defense within the lungs. Dendritic cells are scattered throughout the lungs and increase when there is an inflammatory response. These cells are antigen presenting cells that contain lysosomes and endosomes with three separate functions; antigen presentation and activation of T cells, inducing and maintaining immune tolerance, and maintaining immune memory with B cells (Wieder). These dendritic cells are the only cell that is able to activate naive T cells and lay dormant until there are pathogens or

Individual Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Individual Report - Assignment Example ts that are usually given a high sense of priority, when analyzing the economic status of a country in relation to its fitness for business activity (Mohr, 2011). In this research, the discussion will be based on an analysis of three major economic indicators; the currency value against the US Dollar, inflation and economic growth rate measured in Gross Domestic Product and how they will affect the multinational company that intends to expand the provision of its services and products to other parts of the global business environment. Economists have asserted that a nation’s economic indicators are usually voluminous statistical information that are provided by governments, non-governmental organizations as well as the economic agencies charged with the responsibility of undertaking economic analyses (Mohr, 2011). This information has proved beneficial to not only local companies, but also multinational companies that aspire to expand their services to these countries. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States, information regarding the country’s Gross Domestic Product has been crucial for the government owing to the fact that it assists in making adjustments of the existing economic policies (Berlatsky, 2013). In this regard, multinational and SME’s are usually subjected to scenario where they have to keep up to date with the existing economic policies in order to adjust their operations. The Federal Reserve Bank of the United States indicates that Gross Domestic Product of a nation is basically the value of services and products within its markets, generated within a specific period of time (Berlatsky, 2013). This information is usually released to the general public on a quarterly basis together with some revisions that may be provided within a period of ten weeks after the real of GDP information. Information regarding this data is usually accompanied with explanatory data that provides reasons for an increase in GDP or the reasons why

Fantastic Voyage Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fantastic Voyage - Term Paper Example Finally we will describe the exchange of oxygen with the delicate alveolar and the pathway used in inspiration and expiration. Body The femoral vein travels from the inside of the right leg, parallel to the femoral artery, upwards towards the center of the body. The femoral vein is a larger vein which receives blood from the popliteal, the great saphenous vein and the femoris (Femoral†¦). The femoral vein first comes into the external iliac vein and from there flows into the common iliac vein and into the inferior vena cava. The iliac veins form the common iliac at the small of the back around the fifth lumbar vertebra. It is the function of the vena cava to carry blood from the lower portion of the body directly to the heart (Inferior†¦). The vena cava empties into the right atrium, the lower right back side of the heart. The blood arrives into the right atrium un-oxygenated and is a darker color due to the lack of oxygen. The vena cava are the two largest veins in the bod y and the inferior runs alongside and behind the abdominal cavity and where the vena cava meets the right atrium is a valve known as the Eustachian valve. Though the Eustachian valve remains its primary functions are in the developing fetus, where it helps to direct blood flow through the foramen ovale into the left atrium. Once breathing begins this is no longer necessary and the foramen ovale closes and the amount of blood flow between the left and right atrium is limited. The vena cava are responsible for collecting blood from lumbar veins, hepatic veins, gonadal veins, renal veins and the phrenic veins (Cardiovascular†¦). All of this blood is un-oxygenated. Blood then flows through the tricuspid valve and is pumped into the right ventricle. Cardiac muscle provides rhythmic regular contractions to keep the blood flowing smoothly. After passing through the pulmonary valve the blood enters the pulmonary trunk (Right†¦). The contraction of the myocardium causes pressure wh ich forces the blood into the pulmonary truck where there is a left and right division. The trunk has a pulmonary semilunar valve that opens during contraction and closes when the muscle relaxes, thus preventing the blood from flowing back into the ventricular chamber. The right pulmonary artery carries the blood to the lower right lung. Within the right lower lung there are three lobes whereas the left lung has two lobes. Structures within the right lung include lateral, anterior, posterior, dorsal and medial bronchus (Chest†¦). A bronchial tree contains these bronchus and alveoli on these branches resemble grapes. Alveoli are thin membrane air sacs within the lung and the bronchial tree is the passage way through which air is passed in inspiration and expiration. Surfactants within the alveoli keep them from collapsing during exhalation and they remain slightly open. Without this surfactant the thin sacs would close in and stick to each other as air passes in and out of them and they inflate and deflate. The passageways into the lungs are lined with epithelia and cilia whose primary function is to move debris and foreign particles from out of the lungs. These provide the first line of defense within the lungs. Dendritic cells are scattered throughout the lungs and increase when there is an inflammatory response. These cells are antigen presenting cells that contain lysosomes and endosomes with three separate functions; antigen presentation and activation of T cells, inducing and maintaining immune tolerance, and maintaining immune memory with B cells (Wieder). These dendritic cells are the only cell that is able to activate naive T cells and lay dormant until there are pathogens or

Kindergarten Language Lesson Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kindergarten Language Lesson Plan - Term Paper Example ideology puts focus on the needs of the times and what are needed to become a productive member of society and thereby design the educational curricula according to the assessed need of the time. It emphasizes skills and competencies that have to be learned in order to survive in the real world. Refer to your copy of the Goal Three Standards. List three(3) appropriate standards and describe the activities provided for students in this lesson that demonstrate the Goal 3 Standards. How do these relate to the assignment? In introducing the lesson to the pupils, the audience has to consider as children who loves to play and have short attention span. Such, the lesson has to be presented as fun and engaging for the lesson to be effective. 1. Encourage children to talk what is their favorite game and then ask them to describe them. Most likely boys will talk about sports while girls will talk about their friends. The importance in this activity is to engage the pupils to express themselves. 2. Second, ask them why they like such games. This will provide the teacher an opportunity to assess the language skill level of pupils and can apply necessary changes in the lesson plan when appropriate. Kindergarten is the stage where children are beginning to read or has just learned how to read. This skill must be enhanced to enable the pupils to acquire other knowledge through the skill of reading. 1. Colorful representation of the alphabets should be used where consonants and vowels are segregated. Most likely, children already know what they are but it would be necessary for them to recite them just to familiarize them. 3. When the pupil has already a grasp that the combination of consonants and vowels actually forms a word, they will be engaged in a game of word creation where they will be given letter blocks to construct words by pairing the letters. 1. To encourage children to work independently and still interested with the subject matter, present them

Blockbuster Hbr Case Essay Example for Free

Blockbuster Hbr Case Essay One of Blockbuster’s biggest value drivers is geographic location. Most people, especiall in urban areas live pretty close to a Blockbuster location. Availability of titles is also a value driver that not all video stores can provide. Their reputation is also a value driver. Economies of scale are one of Blockbuster’s largest cost drivers. The ability to negotiate with movie studios with leverage while their competitors can’t as effectively win lower prices for inventory purchases gives a huge advantage. The aforementioned reasons are ammunition to defened against competitors. Geographic location and leveraging the brand name recognition are two of the most important advantages that Blockbuster has that none of its competitors can easily overcome. After the formation of Blockbuster, the first major technological substitute to come along was the DVD (the digital versatile disc) and the DIVX (digital video express disc). There was a fierce battle between these two rival substitutes as they waged war. Both were looking to become the sole technology that would replace VHS. Blockbuster remained on the sidelines for the first few years after these technologies were introduced even though 8 major motion picture studios had committed to either DIVX or DVD (6 for DIVX and 2 for DVD) Once Antioco had made a decsion as to back DVD for a multitude of reasons, Blockbuster’s decision would lead to the demise of DIVX. Antico decided that DVD offered the most promise. They were more widespread, DVD player units were more readily available and they were cheaper. About a year after Blockbuster decided to back DVD, Circuit City decided to give up on the DIVX technology. Blockbuster also faced competition from consumer’s decsion to buy DVDs as opposed to renting them(sell through). Antioco saw this as a potential threat and decided to sell through used DVDs at a discount at Blockbuster stores. Along with some promotions, such as a free rental with the purchase of a movie, Antioco’s plan was expected to triple Blockbuster’s share of the video sales market. In 2003 Disney developed a technology much like DIVX called EZ-D. The plan was eliminate the return of rented videos as the disc would be discared 48 hours after opening because a chemical would render it useless. The technology ultimately failed as Blockbuster did not back the technology because for just a few dollars more (EZ-D discs retailed at $5-$7) consumers could outright purchase a DVD with unlimited use. One of the newest substitutes to threaten blockbuster is online video sales. This market is cannabilizing Blockbuster’s sell through numbers and Blockbuster is countering with their own online sales. Another is home delivery service. Even though this service had promise with more than a few firms, they all failed for a multitude of reasons and never posed a real threat. Netflix, a video subscription service with no late fees is also a substitute that Blockbuster is facing. After much initial success, Blockbuster decided to start their own subscription pricing model in which consumers can pay a flat fee each month for unlimitied rentals at their retail outlets. Eventually adding the feature where consumers can opt to either receive/return the discs through the mail similar to netflix or to receive/return them at a retail location to satisfy an immediate need. This option gives them a competitive advantage over Netflix.

Cleveland Not Cleaveland :: History, City Life

Cleveland, Ohio wasn’t always what it appears to be today. Cleveland is a very progressive culturally diverse city. It is steeped in history and culture and its residents have had a great impact on American culture and the way we live today. Cleveland is nothing but exciting. Cleveland is filled with great structure, history, and has wonderful attractions. Cleveland is an extraordinary city. Cleveland contains one of the oldest neighborhoods and has some very interesting ones at that. The Tremont neighborhood is one of Cleveland’s oldest and most historic neighborhoods. â€Å"Tremont is known for its numerous and varied restaurants† (Mitchell, â€Å"Tremont Neighborhood† 1). The â€Å"St. Augustine’s Catholic Church† is located in the Tremont neighborhood and is of Victorian Architecture. The â€Å"St. Johns Cantius is favored by the polish community and is also located in Tremont neighborhood (Mitchell, â€Å"Tremont Neighborhood† 2). Tremont can be exciting. Throughout the year, a variety of events take place in Tremont, such as, monthly art walks, Taste of Tremont Festival, Tremont Art and Cultural Festival, Church of the Assumptions Greek Festival, and the St. John Polish Festival. Another great neighborhood in Cleveland is North Coast Harbor. Lake Erie is simply beautiful. Lake Erie is u sed for recreational activities (Mitchell, â€Å"Best Things About Living In Cleveland† 1). There are two trolleys downtown. There are two lines for the trolleys (Mitchell, â€Å"Get on Board the New RTA Downtown Trolleys† 1). Cleveland is an awesome city to live in and is very diverse. Cleveland has a long and rich history. Cleveland was founded in 1796 (â€Å"Cleveland† 161). The first steamboat on Lake Erie was used for trade during the 1820’s. John d. Rockefeller started the Standard Oil Company during the 1860’s (â€Å"Cleveland, Ohio† 1). During the Civil War, Cleveland was part of the underground railroad (Usa Cities Online† 3). Cleveland is the world’s first city to be electrically lighted in 1879 (â€Å"Ohio Facts and Trivia† 3). America’s first traffic light was in Cleveland on August 5th, 1914 (Ohio Facts and Trivia1). The Cleveland Orchestra was founded in 1918 (Gale 172). The Cleveland clinic is one of the best hospitals in the United States. â€Å"The Cleveland clinic was established in 1921 by three WWI surgeons George Washington Crile, Frank Bunts, and William Lower (Mitchell, â€Å"About The Cleveland Clinic† 1). In Cleveland Harbor, The U.S.S. Cod is a WWII submarine in which visitors c an climb in (Pearson 2). It also contains aspects of what Cleveland’s society is today.

The Partiality Of Wholeness :: essays research papers

<a href="http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/">Sam Vaknin's Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web Sites Religious people believe in the existence of a supreme being. It has many attributes but two of the most striking are that it seems to both encompass and to pervade everything. Judaic sources are in the habit of saying that we all have a "share of the upper divine soul". Put more formally, we can say that we are both part of a Whole and permeated by it. But what are the relationships between the parts and the Whole? They could be either formal (a word in a sentence, for instance) or physical (a neurone in our brain, for instance). A formal relationship entails an impairment of the truth value of a sentence / proposition / theorem / syllogism with the removal of one or more of its parts. As a result, a part could be reconstructed to fit into an impaired Whole once the formal relationships (and the derivative truth value) are known. Things are pretty much the same in the physical realm: the removal of the part renders the Whole - NOT Whole (in the functional sense, in the structural sense, or in both senses). A part is immediately discernible: it is always smaller (size, mass, weight) than the Whole and it always possesses the potential to contribute to the functioning / role of the Whole. The part need not be active to qualify as a part - yet, it requires the potential to be active to do so. In other words : the Whole is defined by its parts - their sum, their synergy, their structure, their functions. Even where epiphenomena occur - it is inconceivable to deal with them without resorting to some discussion of the parts in their relationships with the Whole. But the parts are also defined by their context, by the Whole. It is by observing their place in the hyperstructure, interactions with other parts and general function of the Whole that we can assign the title ("parts") to them. There are no parts without a Whole. In this sense, it seems that parts and Wholes are nothing but language conventions, a way that we chose to describe the world that was compatible with our evolutionary and survival goals and with our sensory input. If this is so, then, being defined by each other, parts and Wholes are inefficient, cyclical, recursive, in short: tautological modes of relating to the world.

With reference to empirical examples, explore the everyday activities of different groups of migrant workers in (re)producing processes of ‘globalisation’

Globalisation is most commonly known as the process that combines international practices, falling into various strands consisting of â€Å"politics, economics and culture as well as mediated communications† as stated by Marsella and Ring (in Kofman and Youngs, 2003: 3). There are many definitions of globalization that are widely recognized in our present day, the most common, which I will be referring to in this essay, being that of greater economic integration by the increased unity of our world, also known as ‘Economic Globalisation'. Harrison (2007:35) refers to Economic Globalisation as â€Å"increases in trade, foreign investment, and migration† and according to the Global Education Program, within the past few years, the improvement of technologies and ‘reduction of barriers' has meant that the level of exchange between people and countries in terms of ‘goods, services, knowledge and cultures' is ever increasing at speedy rates. As migration falls into a factor of economic globalization, in this essay, I plan to explore how migration influences globalization and the impact it is having on the migrants themselves, also taking into account the social dimension of globalization in terms of how it affects the migrant's identities socially and culturally. Being one of the most passionately debated issues in politics today, Globalization is often split in outlook, with those ‘for' and those ‘against' the phenomena. The positive believers of Globalization argue it is the foundation for solving problems of high unemployment and poverty worldwide, whilst others believe it is rather the catalyst of these issues. In terms of the benefits of Globalisation on an international scale, Dinello and Squire (2005; xv) states â€Å"the proponents of globalization often point to its three-fold beneficial impact, with positive implications for equity: 1) stimulating trade and economic growth, 2) reducing poverty without rise in inequality and 3) contributing to economic and political stability†¦ and statistics provided strongly support these claims. For example, Uganda in 1990 had its poverty rates fall by around 40 per cent whilst its rate of school enrolment doubled in numbers (Dinello and Squire, 2005:xv). However, those who are â€Å"anti-Globalisation† equate the process as having negative impacts such as inequality by only creating economic growth in selected countries as well as increasing the rate of vulnerability in countries and people. Used as an example is China, which has had a remarkable success since entry into the ‘global economy†, however, this success has been accompanied by an â€Å"unparalleled rise in the country's within-country inequality† (Dinello and Squire, 2005:xvi) Migration, as stated by Marsella and Ring (in Adler and Gielen, 2008:11), refers to â€Å"the act or process by which people, especially as a group, move from one location†¦ to another† being a procedure that has been an ‘inherent part of human existence' from early centuries, it is now a central form of our ‘global flow of persons, goods, practices and ideas'. According to the International Organization of Migration (IOM) migration is currently viewed as being one of the most ‘defining global issues' in our present day, with around 192 million people living outside their place of birth in 2005, accounting to be roughly 3 percent of the worlds overall population. The annual growth rate of migration being around 2. 9 percent, however, it should be noted that this rate has stayed constant over the past 30 years (Van Hear, N. nd Nyberg-Sirensen, N, 2006). In continuation, an important factor that Marsella and Ring (2008) raise is the ideology that the movement of migration arises from what can be referred to as â€Å"push and pull† factors. Putting it into perspective, the pull factors of migration being the option of ‘new possibilities, ‘rewards' and ‘hope' as a majority of migrants leave their country of origin to increase their economic prospects and be reacquainted with family and friends. On the other hand, the push factors, which cause migrants to leave their home countries being that of â€Å"a sense of danger, discontentment and boredom† or avoiding dangers of persecution in their home countries (in Adler and Gielen, 2008:11). Van Hear, N. and Nyberg-Sirensen, N (2003: 51) state â€Å"The ratio of real income per head in the richest countries to the poorest rose from 10:1 in 1900 to 60:1 by 2000. Such disparities in living standards and the lack of development options in developing countries are at the root of much migration. † Western Europe, North America and Australia are more recognized as the preferred locations by all migrants ranging from the lower class, asylum seekers and skilled professionals. However, despite migrants personal beliefs of achieving better lives, historically, migratory workers are most typically known to have very low economic status due to their low pay, often living in ghettos and suffering from relative poverty due to migrants being â€Å"sources of cheap labour†, vulnerable to abuse, exploitation and mistreatment (Adler and Gielen, 2008:11). Frequently, workers from developing countries such as Bangladesh and Vietnam are lured to developed countries with the illusions of being provided with better economic status through higher wages and improved employment only to arrived and be subjected to wages below the minimum and inhuman working hours. Marsella and Ring (in Adler and Gielen, 2008:11), referred to this as ‘modern-day slavery', as often these migrant workers can not â€Å"escape, and if they try may be assaulted or killed (as)†¦ Many are illegal immigrants†¦ and have no one to turn to for assistance† The process of Migration, however, has an impact not only on those directly involved but also on their host country, the biggest benefit, being the transfer of skills and labour as countries can invite migrants to fill in the gaps in their labour markets. In addition, they introduce new cultures, increase workforce competition but can also have negative impacts such as increasing strains on the host's economy if claiming government benefits. Although Migration is a key element greatly influenced by Globalisation, it is found that â€Å"Discussions of Globalisation rarely consider international migration at all†¦ † (Stalker, 2000;1). In terms of how migration relates to Globalisation, Taran (1999) implies that this new age of Globalization is â€Å"now generating a new configuration of forces promoting migration† (Adler and Gielen 2008:13) and states seven reasons for current Globalisation influenced migration, some of which being â€Å"aspects of Globalisation such as unemployment and culture conflict†,† development-induced migration† and â€Å"large-scale corruption. This being highly portrayed in the fact that increases in â€Å"forced migration† is present as the number of â€Å"illegal immigrants showing up throughout the world and requesting asylum† is on the increase. An example being that of hundreds of illegal migrants that had to be declined entry into Australia via Indonesia typifies (Adler and Gielen 2008:15). There are a lot of misconceptions about the current trends in migration and development, Van Hear and Nyberg-Sirensen (2003: 51) argue that â€Å"the popular conception that the poor are migrating from the (Global) South to the (Global) North is unfounded†. In fact it is shown that â€Å"most migration is among developing countries rather then from the developing world to the developed†. An important fact they raise is that of the lack financial resources that ‘the poorest of the poor† have, which is ‘1. 2 billion people living on less than US$1 a day' as well as adequate network connections, they simply can not afford the cost of ‘Inter-continental migration'. The ideology of migrant workers being predominantly in the unskilled work sector is also debatable. A good example of being Switzerland, which, due to a raise in economic expansion and the need for workers to fill the labour shortages, signed foreign labour recruitment agreements and now is classed as having one of the highest immigration rates on the continent. Similar to most European countries, Switzerland has and continues to take advantage of the available labour in other countries to ensure economic growth. In Accordance with the 2000 census, over 22% of its total population were foreign born. In continuation, although the beliefs are that migrants tend to have low status jobs, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) state that in 2001, the highest number of foreign workers were â€Å"in the areas of commerce, banking and insurance† in Switzerland, which was a figure just over 24%, next was metalwork and machinery (15. 8%) (OECD, 2004; 36). The statistics suggest traditional views of migrants being low-end workers may be rather a narrow viewpoint, especially in terms of countries within the European Union. In saying this however, although the lack of available statistics makes it difficult to assess the skill levels of foreign workers in Switzerland, statistics of available data does suggest that a high majority of foreign workers are unskilled in relation to Swiss Nationals. A high 36% percent of Foreign nationals leaving school after compulsory education, in comparison to only 18% for Swiss nationals (OECD, 2004). Migration has positive effects on two levels,Van Hear, N. nd Nyberg-Sirensen, N describe this as the ‘family level' and the ‘community level'. The family level being the fact that migration can help people gain access to better housing increased household earnings and advanced healthcare and educational opportunities. Van Hear, N. and Nyberg-Sirensen, N 2003: 52) argue the â€Å"positive effects may spread to the wider community and society, preventing the decline of rural communities or collapse of national economies†. In terms of the community level, â€Å"migrants' hometown associations (HTAs) may serve as platforms resulting in significant development, such as improvements in local health, education, sanitation, and infrastructure conditions, benefiting migrant and non-migrant households. â€Å". Van Hear, N. and Nyberg-Sirensen, N argue however that a major drawback of migration is that the negative impact faced by the ‘sending community' if a majority of their skilled labour force is sent abroad, this devaluing the countries labour market. Nevertheless, through remittances this disadvantage can be overlooked, as it allows surpluses to be sent back to home families. Studies have shown that remittances generally contribute to a raise in trade levels, income distribution and economic growth, Kavita Datta et al (2007: 46) refers to the â€Å"growing focus on financial remittances as potential drivers of development† where in a recent report made by the World Bank, â€Å"officially recorded remittances to the developing world in 2005 were US$167 billion, a dramatic increase from US$31. 2 billion in 1990† Therefore making remittance â€Å"the second-largest capital ? w – behind foreign direct investment†. Remittances have a great impact on those in developing countries as they provide immediate financial support. Manuel Orozco (2002) argues that the function of recent family remittances is a vital sign of Globalisation in Central America and the Caribbean. Manuel (2002) states â€Å"family remittances are currently one of the most important forms of linkage among emigrants Latinos and Latin America† confirming that â€Å"Many Latin American countries find family remittances an important source of national income† (Manuel, 2002;46). Din (2006) stated â€Å"remittances continue to play an important part in the link between ‘prosperous' British Pakistanis and those relatives who still depend on remittances†. It is especially important for many households, as it is a direct form of financial resources and therefore has a greater impact then other resource flows (N. and Nyberg-Sirensen, N 2003: 53). Datta et al (2007; 53) refers to a care worker from Jamaica who regularly sent money back home and a man who has taken on the role of a ‘transnational father' sending home not only financial remittances for his children but also various needed resources. On the other hand, As beneficial as remittances are they are also selective and do not benefit the wider community, tending to be most advantageous to those from better-off households who have the initial capital to send that family member abroad (N. and Nyberg-Sirensen, N, 2003). Din (2006; 25) points out that it mainly only benefits the immediate family and in relation to Pakistanis â€Å"despite the increase in financial resources for some lower caste families, they still remained in the same caste†, meaning they still faced the same judgments. The cultural impact migrants have on Globalisation is highly evident in Britain today, where we have a high range of various ethnic minority and exceedingly multi-cultural communities, creating a versatile and vibrant society, full of a vast range of cultures and identities. Often migrant's practices, customs and branches of their original culture are brought over and recreated in their host countries, an empirical example being that of Chinatown in London's West End. Although there are many advantages of cultural migrant impacts, feelings of hatred can arise and prompt social conflicts. Moses (2008:176) argues that while â€Å"many people are willing to embrace the economic and political gains from globalization, there is a persistent fear that globalization undermines national cultures and identities. † A multicultural society may be seen as quite threatening to those native-born citizens of the host countries. Engels (in Ikhlaq Din, 2006:29) states â€Å"migration has always been a controversial issue both socially and politically. During periods of mass migration to the UK white and non-white migrants faced hostility when looking for employment and housing†. However, In Margaret Brearly's (2007) article â€Å"THE ANGLICAN CHURCH, JEWS AND BRITISH MULTICULTURALISM† she states the statistics collected from a mori poll for the BBC in August 2005, soon after the London July bombings showed that although 32% of the population thought that multiculturalism â€Å"threatens the British way of life†, 62% believed that â€Å"multiculturalism makes Britain a better place to live. Its can be argued that Migration causes the involved individuals to lose their own culture in some cases. For example, Margaret Brearly's (2007) refers to ‘Other commentators' that have argued that multicultulist policies that have failed to â€Å"to promote formal learning of English, prevent integration† which has caused â€Å"inter-ethnic tensions and ghettoization into separate enclaves with high unemployment and social alienation. (75% of Pakistani and Bangladeshi families are classified as living in poverty, while 35% of Muslim children live in ‘workless' homes)†¦ In this, following this concept, through the movement of increased migration and globalization as a whole, there would be greater harmonization, which could evidentially lead to one overall shared culture worldwide. Datta et al (2006; 48) state it is evident that the process of migration is becoming a highly influential factor for the functioning of global cities such as London, â€Å"arguably creating a ‘migrant division of labour' (May et al. , 2006)†. Work Permits (UK) has facilitated the application process so for example, foreign students studying the United Kingdom have the ability to apply for a work permit immediately after they graduate, whereas previously they were required to return to their home country before application (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; 2004) Datta et al (2007) quotes Ratha (2003) in stating â€Å"there has also been a major shift in recent years in the way in which Northern governments view migration†. For a start, a number of governments and IFIs now agree that migration contributes to economic growth both nationally and globally†. In â€Å"International migration† by Jonathon Moses (2006; 159) he refers to two groups of migrant home countries, those with a â€Å"relatively small, but poorly paid workforce† and those with a â€Å"limitless supply of cheap unskilled labour†. The latter group being that of countries such as Bangladesh and India, which have an infinite amount of cheap ‘unskilled labour'. In these countries, it is expectant to find government incentives and ‘targeted government institutions' to encourage ‘migration, remittances and repatriation'. Moses (2006) goes on to explain that in the countries without excess surplus of labour, emigration can reduce the nations already limited supply of labour, not all negative however, â€Å"this increased scarcest brings with it greater influence and a better price†. Therefore internationally it can be argued that migration has lead to improvements in both the Global South and North as Harrison (2007) argues that poverty in the South falls for two reasons, firstly â€Å"the migration of capital to poor countries raises wages in poor countries, and the migration of unskilled labor from poor to rich nations raises the income of both the migrants and those workers who remain behind† (Harrison, 2007; 112). However it is also important to note that many developing countries face what Moses (2006) refers to as â€Å"brain drain† which was first used to refer to the Indian Economy. During the 1970s to 1980s it was found that the ‘entire graduating classes' from elite Indian institutes of technology emigrated, many achieving financial success abroad (Moses; 2006). Africa being the worst disadvantaged, as it suffered from a shortage of labour, a substantially high number of doctors trained in Ghana during the 1980s left the country, according to the UNDP's 1992 Human Development report, the figure was at least 60 per cent. The shortage of labour therefore, leading to a stunt in economic development (Moses 2006). However, Moses (2006; 174) suggested that in the long run these home countries could benefit from the ‘brain-drain' thesis as first generation â€Å"brain-drain migrants have managed to build technology bridges that span the divide separating developing and developed worlds. † Once the bridges are created these individuals can then return back to their countries and capitalizes on investments that have been made in education and human ‘capital development' (Moses 2006; 174). To conclude the main influence migrants have on Globalisation is through remittances, by supplying their families back home with financial support they aid in lowering the rate of poverty. In addition, if remittance funding is used for capital generation it aids in creating an increase in the home countries economic growth. However, due to the nature of remittances being selective, it is not beneficial to all and could be argued promotes further inequality, especially within developing countries. In addition, the low working conditions and personal sacrifices these workers make to be able to remit needs to be put into consideration. What needs to promoted is the economic development of the Global South, which would decrease the incentives to migrate as, in accordance with Stalker (2000;10) â€Å"In theory Globalization should eventually make countries economically more equivalent so people should not need to move around the world searching for work† . More development policies are needed and perhaps the advancement in Globalisation is needed, as the exposing of developing economies to the Global world, through competition, will create efficiency and productivity. The detrimental effects of unsuccessful migration also needs to be taken into account, in cases where migrants are not contributive to taxes and drain on government revenue and in terms of culture where native-born citizens feel threatened. All in all, i feel for migration to have an influential impact on Globalisation trade and foreign investment must also be taken into account, as migration is only one factor. Secondly for a positive impact, migration must be controlled and efficiently regulated.

Monuments Men

Film The Monuments Men Based on a true story of what was a â€Å"treasure hunt† In Its most basic deflation, The Monuments Men portrays a hand selected World War II platoon on a mission that sends them to all edges of Western Europe in order to retrieve artistic masterpieces stolen by the Nazis and return them to their original owners. This special force of American and British museum curators, directors, art historians, and others scoured Europe for these stolen pieces of art while often unarmed and behind enemy lines.All the while, attempting to prevent the destruction of over 1 000 years of global culture. Before I watched the film, I vaguely knew about World War II, but a fair amount regarding Hitler and the Nazis. However, I did not know why they did It; why Hitler gave such orders or why so many people cooperated with their â€Å"movement†. After watching the movie, I still cannot say why he gave such orders militarily, but I can say why he ordered the kidnapping and eventual destruction of priceless art; leading to creation of â€Å"The Monuments Men†. Hitler was expelled from the ViennaAcademy of Art, which may seem unimportant but was probably his main motivation that the movie hints at. In the time I watched the film, I learned not only about specific pieces of art, but also about an underrated part during the climax of the Second World War led by none other than Doll Hitler. A culture is defined as â€Å"the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively' (Merriam-Webster). The movie places emphasis on a loss of culture and identity throughout the world yet specifically on mankind's greatest artistic achievements (masterpieces).Hitler turned what was originally a civilian war, Into a beefing culture war. The movie describes Hitler as a man who wants to be thought of for his artistic expertise along as a ‘man of the people'. He wanted to culturally revive Germany and that would not hap pen until all of the people the Nazis considered enemies were destroyed. His way to take away the culture in this world was to take away our art – past and present. The Monuments Men were sent to retrieve nationalism for people who lost it when they lost priceless heirlooms and artwork within their homes and museums.That is what the movie wanted to portray, something bigger than retrieving art; retrieving a sense of pride for all of the entries affected by the war and returning it. This film is based loosely on the book The Monuments Men. Arguably many movies are adaptations to a book or original story, however, as we are moving further and further away from World War II, less movies, books, plays, etc. Are being produced regarding this time. Monuments Men filmmakers moved away from traditional and classical portrayal of history to a more modern version.In a traditional sense, dally life of key figures and populations would have more significance because the film basically do cuments a period of time or an entire war, for example. However, this film focuses on one specific event in great particular interactions and social attitudes, only using time as a reference point. The key points outlined in this film can be applied to other events, like artistic looting in current times, which showed the film was created from a more modern and innovation standpoint.They chose this event to traumatized because of the potential they saw in the original novel to bring new ideas into the historical film industry, all while portraying something interesting. This movie doesn't have the nature of a typical Hollywood feature film but still serves its purpose as historical evidence. The filmmakers did not overly change the original storyline in the book but still left things out, as many movies do. For example, there were 345 real life ‘monuments men' but the film executives chose to portray only 6.As mentioned above, filmmakers chose not to portray the daily lives of soldiers or villagers during wartime and those people could feel â€Å"left out†. However, they were not vital to the film and its storyline as â€Å"The Monuments Men† never saw real combat, therefore they had little interaction with real soldiers. Also, unless they were retrieving art from a home, they had no allegations with any commoners or villagers across Western Europe. Milk Klan wrote The Monuments Men Are Still at It for The Wall Street Journal in February. He writes in support of the U. S. Laity's efforts in World War II and in current wars. In this article specifically, Klan raises the point that the looting (of important works) is still very much so happening. He discusses how the U. S. Was criticized for intervening in the retrieval of the works during World War II but blamed for essentially overlooking the looting of the Iraq Museum. This film subtly shows this controversy extinguishing right and wrong with its depiction of how hard it was to gain approv al for the specific platoon at the beginning and then notifying the public about their findings/theories at the end.Skylark's main point is that monuments men still exist and are fighting for the same thing as their World War II ancestors; heritage conservation, yet more under the radar this time. When used to understand the film, I can see how much of a tough situation the U. S. Was in during the war and how difficult it was to find people genuinely interested in saving someone's culture, people who would later become â€Å"The Monuments Men†.

C2 Paper

Paper Reference(s) 6664 Edexcel GCE Core Mathematics C2 Advanced Subsidiary Tuesday 10 January 2006 ? Afternoon Time: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials required for examination Mathematical Formulae (Green) Items included with question papers Nil Candidates may use any calculator EXCEPT those with the facility for symbolic algebra, differentiation and/or integration. Thus candidates may NOT use calculators such as the Texas Instruments TI 89, TI 92, Casio CFX 9970G, Hewlett Packard HP 48G. Instructions to Candidates In the boxes on the answer book, write the name of the examining body (Edexcel), your centre number, candidate number, the unit title (Core Mathematics C2), the paper reference (6664), your surname, other name and signature. When a calculator is used, the answer should be given to an appropriate degree of accuracy. Information for Candidates A booklet ‘Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables’ is provided. Full marks may be obtained for answers to ALL questions. The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e. g. (2). There are 9 questions on this paper. The total mark for this paper is 75. Advice to Candidates You must ensure that your answers to parts of questions are clearly labelled. You must show sufficient working to make your methods clear to the Examiner. Answers without working may gain no credit. N23552A This publication may only be reproduced in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy.  ©2006 Edexcel Limited. 1. Given that f(1) = 0, (x) = 2Ãâ€"3 + x2 – 5x + c, where c is a constant. (a) find the value of c, (2) (b) factorise f(x) completely, (4) (c) find the remainder when f(x) is divided by (2x – 3). (2) 2. (a) Find the first 3 terms, in ascending powers of x, of the binomial expansion of (1 + px)9, where p is a constant. (2) The first 3 terms are 1, 36x and qx2, where q is a constant. (b) Find the value of p and the value of q. (4) N23552A 2 3. y B Figure 1 C P O A x In Figure 1, A(4, 0) and B(3, 5) are the end points of a diameter of the circle C. Find (a) the exact length of AB, (2) (b) the coordinates of the midpoint P of AB, (2) (c) an equation for the circle C. (3) 4. The first term of a geometric series is 120. The sum to infinity of the series is 480. (a) Show that the common ration, r, is 3 . 4 (3) (b) Find, to 2 decimal places, the difference between the 5th and 6th terms. (2) (c) Calculate the sum of the first 7 terms. (2) The sum of the first n terms of the series is greater than 300. (d) Calculate the smallest possible value of n. (4) N23552A 3 5. Figure 2 A 6m 5m 5m B O In Figure 2 OAB is a sector of a circle, radius 5 m. The chord AB is 6 m long. 7 ? . (a) Show that cos AOB = 25 (2) ? (b) Hence find the angle AOB in radians, giving your answer to 3 decimal places. (1) (c) Calculate the area of the sector OAB. (2) (d) Hence calculate the shaded area. (3) 6. The speed, v m s–1, of a train at time t seconds is given by v = ? (1. 2t – 1), 0 ? t ? 30. The following table shows the speed of the train at 5 second intervals. t v 0 0 5 1. 22 10 2. 28 15 20 6. 11 25 30 (a) Complete the table, giving the values of v to 2 decimal places. 3) The distance, s metres, travelled by the train in 30 seconds is given by ? s = ? ? (1. 2 t ? 1) dt . ?0 (b) Use the trapezium rule, with all the values from your table, to estimate the value of s. (3) 30 N23552A 4 7. The curve C has equation y = 2Ãâ€"3 – 5Ãâ€"2 – 4x + 2. (a) Find dy . dx (2) (b) Using the result from part (a), find the coordinates of the turning points of C. (4) d2 y (c) Find . dx 2 (2) (d) Hence, or otherwise, determine the nature of the turning points of C. (2) 8. (a) Find all the values of ? to 1 decimal place, in the interval 0? ? ? < 360? for which 5 sin (? + 30? ) = 3. (4) (b) Find all the values of ? , to 1 decimal place, in the interval 0? ? ? < 360? for which tan2 ? = 4. (5) N23552A 5 9. y Figure 3 3 2 A R B O x Figure 3 shows the shaded region R which is bounded by the curve y = –2Ãâ€"2 + 4x and the 3 line y = . The points A and B are the points of intersection of the line and the curve. 2 Find (a) the x-coordinates of the points A and B, (4) (b) the exact area of R. (6) TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS END N23552A 6

The Ethical Theories of Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Ethical Theories of Punishment - Essay Example These ethical theories of punishment, based on principles of reciprocity, the potential of human transformation and grace come into conflict with one another because of the differences in the intentions in imposing punishment as well as the effects of the punishment. Ethical considerations regarding punishment are of major consequence since its policies infiltrate into and guide all the systems of government: legislative, judicial and executive. The primary objective of punishment is to preserve law and order in society. It is a method implemented and harnessed by an authority to keep a level of stability in society. The moral barometer of society is most often directed according to the decisions taken by legislators and interpreted by the judiciary. Legally, punishment governs the justice and penal systems in which persons offending the law are brought to justice. The justice and penal systems are integral since human rights must be protected and maintained within these institutions , not only by men, but also by a divine figure. The administration of retributive justice by deity is a concept as old as time immemorial and  has been corroborated by our modern justice system. In classical Greece, retributive judgment had religious significance so that the Greeks even had a goddess, Nemesis, which personified and delivered retribution to her followers (Littleton 960). Nemesis is often depicted carrying a pair of scales to demonstrate fairness and inflicted punishment based on the indignation of the gods at particular crime or hubris. Not only in Greek religion but in every religion, there is a mandated form of justice or vengeance for contraventions of the law. Indeed, the goddess Lady Justice stands before major courthouses  and  Departments of Justice as the dispenser of punishment. Retributive punishment is the brand of punishment retaliatory in nature. Retribution dictates that offenders of the law must face a penalty for their attack on another. The pur pose of retribution is to have the guilty party suffer for a wrong committed and â€Å"provides limits that the punishment fit the crime† (Natarajan 75). The letter of the law imposes a cost on the part of the transgressor of the law in which the ancient retributive principle of â€Å"an eye for an eye† comes into effect. Retributive punishment places the fault of the crime squarely on the shoulders of the offender. In other words, you do the crime, you do the time. Society has instituted and leaned on a penal system for ages as a means of restraining offenders from threatening law-abiding citizens. Retributive punishment constitutes â€Å"one of those infringements of the holy will of God in society which can claim a formal legitimacy† (Bedau 439). Hence, one sees that present-day punishment is derived from a legacy of retributive justice. Retributive punishment follows the ethical principle of â€Å"an eye for an eye†¦- the amount of punishment is propor tioned to the degree of his responsibility† (Wood 635). In other words, punishment has to be tantamount to the offense. Taken from the Mosaic law, this law signifies that in penal law, offenders’ punishment has to be weighed alongside the crime. The penal system is to a large extent governed by this rule because of religious history and transferred values. Also, the natural reactive attitudes inherent to man compel him to reciprocate an injury done. Standards are set so that judge and jury sentence miscreants